Zero Emission Zero Carbon Advancing Fuel Cell Vehicles and Infrastructure

大気汚染大気汚染 Fuel cell technology Hydrogen FCV Significance of Fuel Cell Vehicle Development Hybrid and internal combustion engine technology Renewable fuel CO 2 reduction Present (CO, HC, NOx) FCV technology has the potential to concurrently help solve the problems of atmospheric pollution, global warming, and limited energy resources.

FCV Success: Importance of Approach Honda’s Focus: 1.Fuel Cell Technology Advancement 2.Customer Use & Feedback 3.H 2 Infrastructure Innovation And: Effective Cooperation (e.g. CaFCP, CA H2 Net) CaFCP

57 miles/kg EPA combined rating (label) Up to 210 mile range, EPA rated ~5 minute refueling time -20 to 95 deg. C Fuel Cell Operation 80kW (109 hp) Motor Power Navigation System – H2 stations Honda FCX

Environment Safety EPA/CARB Fuel Economy & Range Certification NHTSA (DOT) FMVSS compliance FCX Commercial Certification

Albany CANADA New York San Francisco Chula Vista Las Vegas LA AHM Honda FCX Lease activity AQMD Spallino Family ： 03M FCX ： 04M FCX ： 05M FCX California & Nevada New York

Los Angeles San Francisco SCAQMD Chula Vista New York Las Vegas Individual Start with local HONDA fleet customer Distant Operation H2 HWY Extend FCX operation area Cold weather Operation Hot weather Operation Consumer Lease The approach taken: HONDA FCX Market Launch History

Honda’s Steps to date: 1. Design and deliver FCV for a real customers (Starting with City of LA, 2002) 2. Confirm FCV Freeze-capable performance (New York State Gov’t, Winter 2004) 3.Deliver FCV for individual consumer use (Starting in So. California, June 2005) Consumer use will be the key to AFV success - Effort on vehicle technology and market-based activity, but, where do we go from here? Start of Individual Consumer Leases

Honda FC Power Plant Technology Advancement

Fuel Cell Structure Panels MEA Stamped metal separator (unitized seal ） End plate Bolt End plate MEA Seals Disk spring Backup plate Carbon separators Latest Honda FC stack Metal separator Unitized seal Stamped metal separator →Thickness (reduced by half) Springiness of the metal separator →Number of supporting parts (reduced by half) Fewer parts Previous stack Carbon separator Separate seals Supporting parts ・ disk springs ・ Backup plate ・ Large size bolts

Output density of FC STACK Output with volumetric density (kW/L) Output with weight density (kW/kg) More than double Honda FC STACK 0

Ultra-Capacitor Performance Positive electrode collector plate Electrode body (activated carbon, aluminum foil, Separator) Aluminum case

Aromatic Membrane Temperature ( o C) High Low Membrane resistance Sub-Zero Temperature Performance Hydrogen ion conductivity of electrolyte membrane Operating range Reduced To 1/2 0 Previous Fluorine Membrane

New York State (Albany) NYS Temperature Winter ’05 Dec’05 JanFebMar Customer Environment

Las Vegas ’05 JunJulAugSep Las Vegas Temperature 2005 Summer Customer Environment

Vehicle Energy Efficiency Previous model Enhanced fuel cell power generation efficiency New FCX Enhanced air supply efficiency Enhanced hydrogen circulation efficiency 45% 55% Energy efficiency (%) Enhancement of energy efficiency New FCX Previous FC model Energy Efficiency (%) Honda internal calculations ， LA-4 Mode Tank-to-Wheel Energy Efficiency Comparisons ~3 Times ~2 Times ~ ＋ 20% Hybrid vehicle Gasoline -engine vehicle FCX Efficiency tank to wheels on FTP (City) Driving Cycle

Driving Range 2005 FCX 2004 FCX Driving range * (Mi) * EPA officially rated range 210 mi 160 mi 2006 FCX 190 mi 10% ~20% Refueling Performance FC System Efficiency

Next Steps: FCV Advancement 4 Door Sedan Design Concept, New FC Packaging (V-flow) Low floor height FC Stack hidden between seats

Compact Efficient Enhanced sub- zero startup & operation H2H2 H2H2 Water Air New stack architecture: vertical gas and water flow:

Hydrogen gas for FCX Electricity Hot water ・ Construction of fuel infrastructure ・ Establish codes and standards New value from Fuel Cell Durability Environmental Adaptability Driving range Cost Drivability & Response Silent Clean Spacious Etc. To Complete the Vehicle: For Attractive Characteristics: New Value from Fuel Cell Infrastructure +

Honda Research on Hydrogen Stations Renewable Energy Hydrogen Station Home Energy Station Research into hydrogen production and supply systems for a hydrogen-based society of the future Solar Energy InputNatural Gas Input

Renewable Hydrogen Station Solar cells Water electrolyzer Compressor High pressure tanks Converter Dispenser System diagram Grid Honda R&D facility in Torrance, CA Solar Array - Electrolysis of Water - H 2 10,000 miles / year (from solar array H 2 only) FCX Usage

Home Energy Station Home Refueling with Co-generation of Heat and Electricity Heat Electricity Hydrogen Natural gas Reform Fuel cell Inverter Compress Storage tank ～ Purify HES II in Albany, New York (Honda & Plug Power LA ， NY Natural Gas line

Specifications H 2 Purity Storage Capacity H 2 Production Electrical Output > H 2 Pressure41.4 System Size4500 (slm) (kW) (%) (MPa) (kg-H 2 ) (liter) Test Site Torrance, CA > Torrance, CA Latham, NY 11.9 Operation 10/03 – 6/05 11/04-11/05- HES I HES II HES III Home Energy Station Progress to date

Next Steps: H 2 Infrastructure Evolution 2010 Image Fleet & Customer H 2 Support Regional Network of H 2 Stations Northern CA Southern CA H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 H2H2 Need small, effective regional network of accessible stations: + extends driving range and utility, + expands potential customer base H2H2

FCV Summary Fuel cell vehicle is the most promising technology for lowest GHG and use of sustainable energy sources. Over the next decade and beyond, need improvements to resolve technical hurdles and reduce cost. Honda is taking a comprehensive approach that includes the development of both fuel cell and refueling technologies towards a hydrogen society. The 2005/6 FCX is powered by Honda FC Stack with the breakthrough ability to start and operate in sub-freezing temperatures, making it possible to place the car in northern regions.