NEES-Pile: Experimental and Computational Study of Pile Foundations Subjected to Liquefaction-Induced Lateral Spreading COMPARISON BETWEEN CENTRIFUGE AND REAL SCALE MODEL TESTS: LG0 - SG1 By Student: Marcelo Gonzalez Professor: Tarek Abdoun Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute August 20th, 2007

Table of Contents BUFFALO REAL SCALE TABLE OF CONTENTS: Water, 1 cp SIMULATION OF LG0 1.1 Model configuration, soil properties, Instrumentation and centrifuge model preparation. 1.2 Input acceleration. 1.3 Time History responses. 1.4 Stress – Strain responses. 2.1 Model configuration, soil properties, Instrumentation and centrifuge model preparation. 2.2 Input acceleration. 2.3 Time History responses and profiles of the data. 2.4 Stress – Strain responses. 3. DISCUSSION Water, 1 cp K= 1E-2 cm/sec DR = 55%

SIMULATION OF LG0 SIMULATION LG0 BUFFALO REAL SCALE Water, 1 cp K= 1E-2 cm/sec DR = 55% SIMULATION OF LG0

Soil Properties and Instrumentation LG0 D50 = 0.258 mm D10 = 0.155 mm FC = 0.1% e min = 0.608 e max = 0.800 Gs = 2.665 K = 1 x 10-2 cm/sec, 40%DR (Gonzalez M., 2006)

Model Configuration LG0 High Speed Camera 0 cm Left Right 6.0 cm (1.50 m) 7.5 cm (1.88 m) 14 cm (3.50 m) 19 cm (4.75 m) 21.5 cm (5.38 m) Pore Pressure LVDT Accelerometer X Accelerometer Y

Dry sand pluviation method Model Preparation LG0 Dry sand pluviation method BUFFALO REAL SCALE Outer chamber (vacuum = 100 kPa) sand Latex Membrane acelerometer Ottawa sand Latex Membrane acelerometer Model Saturation System Ottawa sand Chamber Vacuum Inner (90 kPa) Outer (100 kPa)

Results: Input Acceleration LG0 TIME CONSIDERED IN THE ANALISIS

Results: Acceleration in the rings LG0 INPUT ACCELERATION ACR5 ACR4 ACR3 ACR2 ACR1

Results: Acceleration in the soil LG0 INPUT ACCELERATION ACCR5 ACCR4 ACCR3 ACCR2 ACCR1

Results: Excess Pore Water Pressure LG0 INPUT ACCELERATION PWC5,PWU3 PWC4, PWD2 PWC3, PWU2 PWC2, PWD1 PWC1, PWU1

Results: Excess Pore Water Pressure Dissipation LG0 INPUT ACCELERATION PWC5,PWU3 PWC4, PWD2 PWC3, PWU2 PWC2, PWD1 PWC1, PWU1

Results: Lateral Displacement in the soil LG0 INPUT ACCELERATION LVR5 LVR4 LVR3 LVR2 LVR1

Results: Stress – Strain Loops LG0 Strain – Stress Loops Calculated by considering Soil Accelerometers and Inertia of the ring correction 0-12sec GSI 1.0

Results: Shear Wave Velocity LG0 Centrifuge University of Buffalo No ring inertia effect No degradation effect No ring inertia effect No degradation effect A. Elmekati, 2007 A. Elmekati, 2007

SIMULATION SG1 SIMULATION OF SG1

Results: Strain – Stress Loops LG0 The same configuration and preparation method than LG0 was used to create SG1. The only difference was the inclination angle. Model inclination angle = 2 degrees Prototype inclination angle = 5 degrees

Results: Input Acceleration SG1

Results: Acceleration in the rings SG1 2.25m, ACR4 5.38m, ACR1 4.75m, ACR2 3.50m, ACR3 1.50m, ACR5 INPUT ACCELERATION

Results: Acceleration in the soil SG1 1.50m, ACCR5 2.25m, ACCR4 3.50m, ACCR3 4.75m, ACCR2 5.38m, ACCR1 INPUT ACCELERATION

Results: Excess Pore Water Pressure SG1 1.50m, PWC5 2.25m, PWC4 3.50m, PWC3 4.75m, PWC2 5.38m, PWC1 INPUT ACCELERATION

Results: Lateral Displacement in the soil SG1 1.50m, LVR5 2.25m, LVR4 3.50m, LVR3 4.75m, LVR2 5.38m, LVR1 INPUT ACCELERATION

Results: Lateral Displacement in the soil SG1 Event1 (E1): Between 5.30 and 5.6 sec Event2 (E2): Between 5.75 and 6.0 sec Event3 (E3): Between 6.20 and 7.3 sec Event4 (E4): Between 25.0 and 30.0 sec E3 E2 E1 1.50m, LVR5 2.25m, LVR4 3.50m, LVR3 4.75m, LVR2 5.38m, LVR1 INPUT ACCELERATION

Results: Lateral Displacement in the soil SG1 Event1 (E1): Between 5.30 and 5.6 sec Event2 (E2): Between 5.75 and 6.0 sec Event3 (E3): Between 6.20 and 7.3 sec Event4 (E4): Between 25.0 and 30.0 sec E4 1.50m, LVR5 2.25m, LVR4 3.50m, LVR3 4.75m, LVR2 5.38m, LVR1 INPUT ACCELERATION

Results: Lateral Displacement in the soil SG1

Results: Lateral Displacement in the soil SG1 6sec 27sec 4sec 5.5sec

Results: Stress – Strain Loops SG1 Strain – Stress Loops Calculated by considering Soil Accelerometers and Inertia of the ring correction GSI 1.0 SAA NO RING CORRECTION

Results: Shear Wave Velocity SG1 centrifuge University of Buffalo A.Elmekati, 2007

Discusion SG1 Thank you