Anatomy of female reproductive system Zhao Aimin

Bony pelvis Sacrum(骶骨） Coccyx（尾骨） Coxae（髋骨） Ilium（髂骨） Ischium（坐骨） Pubis（耻骨）

Pelvis Sacrum and coccyx posteriorly Ischium and pubis bilaterally Falase pelvis (major) True pelvis (minor) Sacrum and coccyx posteriorly Ischium and pubis bilaterally and anteriorly To surport the pregnancy Bounded by lumbar vertebrae posteriorly, iliac fossa bilaterally abdominal wall anteriorly

The pelvis plane Four planes The pelvic inlet: the greatest The midplane:the least The pelvic outlet(two planes)

Pelvic inlet Posteriorly by promontory of sacrum Bilaterally by linea of iliac-pubis Anteriorly by superior surface of pubis

midplane Anteriorly by the lower border of pubis Bilaterally by ischial spines is very important clinically because arrest of fetal descent occurs most frequently

outlet Irregular Consisting of two triangles It is bounded by Posteriorly: the tip of sacrum Laterally : ischial tuberosities sacrotuberous ligaments Anteriorly:the lower border of pubis symphysis

Type of female pelvis Gyecoid type 52-58.9% Platypelloid type 23.2-29% Anthropoid type 14.2-18% Android type 1-3.7%

External genital organs mons pubis: fatty tissue labia majora labia minora which lie inside the labia majora clitoris: is located anterior to the labia minora

Vestibule(前庭） Lies between the labia minora Is bounded Anteriorly by clitoris Posteriorly by perineum Urethra and vaginal orifice open to the midline of the vestibule Bartholin’s glands also empty into the vestibule

Internal genital organs Vagina(阴道） an organ for coitus a drainage of menstrual flow a passage for childbirth posterior wall 10cm,anterior wall 7.5cm

Fornix ：the area arounded the cervix (anterior,posterior,lateral) the posterior fornix is important pouch which allows access to the peritoneal cavity from vagina

The vagial wall is consisted of Mucouse membrance: is lined by squamous Beneath this is a submucosal layer of connective tissue which contains a rich of veins and lymphatics The muscular wall has three layers of smooth muscle.

Uterus(子宫） The body Lies between rectum and bladder Volume: 7*5*3cm Weight: 50g Divided into two portions by isthmus The body Cornu:where the fallopians enter Fundus:the part of the body above the cornu

The uterus is surported by the following ligaments Round ligament Broad ligament Cardinal ligament Utero-sacral ligament

Histology of uterus There are three layers of the body The inner is endometrium which is consisted of the simple columnar epithelium Beneath the mucosa is the muscular layer,covered by peritoneal serosa

Fallopian tubes Length: 8-14cm The tube is divided four portions Interstitial: isthmun Ampulla:the centre portion Infundibulum:surround the ovary and help to collect the oocyte at the time of ovulation

The innner layer is covered by ciliate columnar epitheliun The cilia beat toward the uterus assisting in oocyte transport

ovaries Be located on either side of the uterus Volume:4*3*1cm Weight:5-6g be almond-shaped Is divided two portion: cortex(outer portion): contains amount of follicles medulla(central portion): blood vessels, nerve fibres, lymphatics

Arterial system Ovarian artery: from abdominal aorta (left may be from kedney artery Uterine artery Vaginal artery Internal pudendal artery from internal iliac artery

Arterial system Ovarian arteries: from abdominal aorta (left may be from kedney artery Uterine