Chap 8 Joints Pgs.155-174 Learning Objectives: Read Chap 8. Review all notes & diagrams. Finish the last slide – the six types of synovial joints. Chap 8 Joints Pgs.155-174 Learning Objectives: Explain an articulation (joint). Classify joints based on structure and function. Describe their characteristics. Demonstrate common body movements. Identify and describe the main joints of the elbow, knee, hip, and shoulder. Explain the basis of common joint injuries such as rotator cuff injury.

Shoulder Problems A patient presents will extreme pain in the shoulder area, mobility is limited, and rest/ ice have not improved the situation over time. After thorough examination, it is determined that the patient’s cartilage is badly torn. Rotator cuff surgery is required: http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=2748399179169714896

Review What is an articulation? An articulation is also known as a _________. What are sutures (as in the coronal suture)?

Joints Weakest parts of the skeleton Two functions of joints Give the skeleton _________ Hold the skeleton __________

Classification of Joints: Functional Pg. 157 Functional classification is based on the amount of ________ allowed by the joint The three functional classes of joints are: Synarthroses – __________ Amphiarthroses – ___________ Diarthroses – ___________

Fibrous Joints Pg.157 The bones are joined by _______ tissues There is no joint _______ Most are ____________ There are three types: 1. sutures (Example: seams in the skull) 2. syndesmoses (bones connected by ____________) Example: ligament connecting the distal ends of the tibia and fibula 3. gomphoses (____ -in-socket type of fibrous joint) Example: peridontal ligament

Cartilaginous Joints Pg.158 Articulating bones are united by ________ Lack a joint ______ Two types: 1. synchondroses – bar or plate of cartilage (Example: immoveable joint between the coastal cartilage of the first rib and manubrium) 2. symphyses – articular surfaces of bones covered with hyaline cartlage which in turn is fused to a __________ pad (or plate) of ______________. Example: intervertebral joints

Synovial Joints Pg.160 Those joints in which the articulating bones are separated by a ____________ joint cavity. All are _______ movable Examples – all limb joints, and most joints of the body All have the following: a. Articular cartilage b. Joint (synovial) cavity c. Articular capsule d. ___________ fluid e. Reinforcing ____________

Friction-Reducing Structures in Synovial Joints _________ – flattened, fibrous sacs lined with synovial membranes and containing synovial fluid Common where ligaments, muscles, skin, tendons, or bones rub together ____________ – elongated bursa that wraps completely around a tendon

Review of Joints (Thus Far) See handout Estimated Time of completion = 8- 10 minutes Will check answers

Synovial Joints: Movement Pg. 164 The two muscle attachments across a joint are: 1. ________ – attachment to the immovable bone 2. _________ – attachment to the movable bone

Synovial Joint: Range of Motion ________ – slipping movements only ________ – movement in one plane _______ – movement in two planes _______ – movement in or around all three planes There are also 3 general types of movements: _______, _______, and rotation

Gliding Pg.163 One flat bone surface _______ or slips over another similar surface Examples – intercarpal and intertarsal joints, and between the flat articular processes of the vertebrae

Angular Pg. 164 _______ — bending movement that decreases the angle of the joint _________ — reverse of flexion; joint angle is increased _________ and plantar flexion — up and down movement of the foot ________ — movement away from the midline ________ — movement toward the midline __________ — movement describes a cone in space

Angular continued Pg.164

Angular continued

Angular continued Pg. 167

Rotation The turning of a bone around its own long _____ Examples Between first two vertebrae Hip and shoulder joints

Special Movements Supination and pronation Pg.170

Special Movements continued Inversion and eversion Pg.172

Special Movements continued Protraction and retraction Pg. 169

Special Movements continued Elevation and depression Pg. 168

Special Movements continued Opposition Pg.170

Partner Activity Quickly pair with a partner. Each person should complete question #10 (a – p) pg 174 now in their workbook. Then demonstrate the motions (as listed under question #10 (a-p) pg 174 to their partner

Types of Synovial Joints Using pages 161-163 as a guide name, describe and site examples of the six types of synovial joints: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.