An Introduction to the Human Body

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Presentation transcript:

An Introduction to the Human Body

Anatomy study of structure relationships among structures Derived from the Greek words: - Anatome - to dissect - Ana - apart - Tomy - cut

Subdivisions of Anatomy Examples: - gross anatomy (macroscopic) study of large body parts (muscles, bones, and internal organs) - histology (microscopic) study of cells and tissues requiring the use of a microscope

Physiology study of the functions of body parts and how they work together - physio - working - ology - study

Subdivisions of Physiology Examples: - neurophysiology - brain and nervous tissue - cardiac - heart - respiratory - lungs and trachea - reproductive - reproductive organs - renal - kidneys, bladder, and ureters - endocrine - endocrine organs

Levels of Structural Organization atoms molecules cells tissues organs systems organism

Atoms tiny building blocks of matter Examples of the most common atoms: carbon (C) hydrogen (H) oxygen (O) nitrogen (N) calcium (Ca) potassium (K) sodium (Na)

atoms combine together to form molecules

Molecules chemical combination of 2 or more atoms Examples of molecules: - proteins - carbohydrates - fats - vitamins

Molecule ATP

Cells basic structural and functional units of an organism cell groups have different structures perform different functions specialized structures within a cell are called organelles

Cell

Tissues Four basic types of tissues in the human body: - epithelial tissue - muscle tissue - connective tissue - nervous tissue

Epithelial Tissue - Skin

Muscle Tissue

Connective Tissue - Bone

Nervous Tissue - Brain

Tissues (cont.) each cell within a tissue has a specific function Examples: - parietal cells produce hydrochloric acid (HCl) in stomach - mucous cells produce mucus

Organs structures composed of two or more tissue types specific functions recognizable shapes Examples: - heart, lungs, brain, liver, stomach, intestines, etc.

Organ

Systems several organs work together for a common purpose Example: - digestive system includes many organs, each with its own function

Organ System digestive system

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