Open Access: Maximizing the Impact of Research and Scholarship Heather Joseph Executive Director, SPARC Drew University September 10, 2012

Our Mission: Expand the distribution of the results of research and scholarship in a way that leverages digital networked technology, reduces financial pressures on libraries, and creates a more open system of scholarly communication.

Science and Scholarship

“If I as a researcher go through the work of designing and conducting an experiment, but don’t tell anyone the results, what what the point of me doing the work in the first place?” ----Dr. Keith Yamamoto, Executive Vice Dean, UCSF Medical School

“If you have an apple and I have an apple, and we exchange apples, then you and I will still each have one apple. But if you have an idea and I have an idea, and we exchange these ideas, each of us will have two ideas... “ - George Bernard Shaw

Price Barriers Source:

Library budgets journal prices

“ Scientific, technical, medical, legal and business journals – an $8.9 billion market - grew at 3% in 2010… ” STM Publishing News,

$8.9 BILLION REVENUE/YEAR =

What Does this Mean for You?

11 NEED GRAPHIC

12 NEED GRAPHIC OF PAY-PER-VIEW Screen

13 NEED GRAPHIC OF PAY-PER-VIEW Screen

What do You Do?

It isn’t Inter-Library Loan…

I ask the author for a copy.

I get it from a colleague at an institution with a subscription.

We’re used to workarounds.

But wait…there’s more.

first quarter 2007 second quarter2007 third quarter 2007 fourth quarter 2008 first quarter A New Era in Medicine: Explosion in Scientific Discovery Second quarter 2008

We need to be able to apply computational tools to our scholarship

Access is only half the battle.

Copyright

ALLIANCE FOR TAXPAYER ACCESS 27

We Don’t want a “Read-Only” World.

We Need a System that Takes Down the Barriers Pricing barriers Technical barriers (interoperability) Legal barriers (licensing rights)

31 “By open access, we mean its free availability on the public internet, permitting any users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search or link to the full text of these articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software or use them for any other lawful purpose…” - The Budapest Open Access Initiative – February 14, 2002

So - Are we There Yet?

33 Opportunities to Advance OA Infrastructure Legal Constructs Policy Framework Culture Change

Infrastructure: Open Access Journals

35 More than 8,100 OA Journals

OA Papers Published Some data courtesy of Mark Patterson (PLoS), from Patterson: ‘Open Access Publishers: Breaking even and growing fast, ‘ delivered at APE 2011: breaking-even-and-growing-fast/ breaking-even-and-growing-fast/

THE OPEN ACCESS CITATION ADVANTAGE Source: Swan, A. (2010) The Open Access citation advantage: Studies and results to date. Technical Report UNSPECIFIED, School of Electronics & Computer Science, University of Southampton

Article Level Metric Slide

Infrastructure: Open Access Repositories

44 Open Access Repositories FEDERATION …exist alongside traditional publishing

Open Data

OER

Copyright

48

Open Licenses

Progress Here is Slower, But…

…A “Strength in Numbers” Approach is Helping

53

56

Growth of Open Access Policies

And the Bar has been Raised Even Higher…

Access is National Policy Issue

“The Director of the National Institutes of Health shall require that all investigators funded by the NIH submit or have submitted for them to the National Library of Medicine's PubMed Central an electronic version of their final, peer-reviewed manuscripts upon acceptance for publication, to be made publicly available no later than 12 months after the official date of publication.” - U.S. Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2008

NIH Public Access Policy 4 Years In 2.4 million articles currently available in PubMed Central (PMC) More than 500,000 unique individual users hit PMC - daily. Less than 1/3 rd of all users come from.edu domains No publishers have been harmed in the making of this policy….

Ongoing Challenges Researcher awareness of OA not high enough Perceived barriers still in place: Disciplinary differences New forms of scholarship not yet trusted Uncertainty over sustainability Deep reliance on current impact measures

Strategies to Consider Consider OA issues at the beginning, not the end, of research process Faculty control the destiny of their scholarly output Library plays crucial role in providing/enabling infrastructure educational resources to amplify impact of faculty work

Strategies to Consider Incentive and reward structures need to be aligned with goal of open Must be a priority at highest level of administration Need to “model new behaviors” in evaluation, promotion and tenure process Need more mechanisms to encourage thinking beyond single impact factor

Thank you for listening Heather Dalterio Joseph (202) With grateful thanks to John Wilbanks, Melissa Hagemann, Cameron Neylon, Gary Ward, Carl Bergstrom, Michael Carroll, Elias Zerhouni, Keith Yamamato and many others for freely sharing their ideas and in some cases, slides, with me.