AMA 100 Introduction to Health Care

History of Medicine Ancient History Ancient History - Egyptians – earliest recorded evidence of medical history – use of herbs, roots and plants as medications lead to modern pharmacology - Egyptians – earliest recorded evidence of medical history – use of herbs, roots and plants as medications lead to modern pharmacology - Chinese – pharmacology and ancient treatments still used today - Chinese – pharmacology and ancient treatments still used today Moses – First Public Health Officer – wrote rules for sanitation Hippocrates – “Father of Medicine” - set standards for practicing physicians – Hippocratic Oath Galen – “Father of Experimental Physiology” – first to document pulse and identify body parts

History of Medicine cont… Modern History Vesalius – “Father of Modern Anatomy” – wrote first correct anatomy textbook Vesalius – “Father of Modern Anatomy” – wrote first correct anatomy textbook Leeuwenhoek – Invented first microscope Leeuwenhoek – Invented first microscope Hunter – “Father of Scientific Surgery” – developed many surgical techniques still used today Hunter – “Father of Scientific Surgery” – developed many surgical techniques still used today Jenner – Discovered Smallpox Vaccine Jenner – Discovered Smallpox Vaccine Rush – first extensive work and writing on mental health Rush – first extensive work and writing on mental health Pasteur – “Father of Preventative Medicine” – discovered pasteurization, discovered rabies vaccine Pasteur – “Father of Preventative Medicine” – discovered pasteurization, discovered rabies vaccine Lister – concept of asepsis Lister – concept of asepsis Fleming – Discovered Penicillin Fleming – Discovered Penicillin Long – Discovered modern anesthesia Long – Discovered modern anesthesia

Women in Medicine Florence Nightingale – founder of modern nursing Florence Nightingale – founder of modern nursing Elizabeth Blackwell – first woman to complete medical school in the US Elizabeth Blackwell – first woman to complete medical school in the US Clara Barton – founded American Red Cross Clara Barton – founded American Red Cross Marie Curie – revolutionized the principles of energy and radioactivity Marie Curie – revolutionized the principles of energy and radioactivity

Important Discoveries Wilhelm Roentgen – Discovered x-rays Wilhelm Roentgen – Discovered x-rays Jonas Salk and Albert Sabin – Discovered vaccines for polio Jonas Salk and Albert Sabin – Discovered vaccines for polio CT, MRI, PET scans 1980s CT, MRI, PET scans 1980s Ryuzo Yanagimachi – cloning 1998 Ryuzo Yanagimachi – cloning 1998 Mapping of DNA 2006 Mapping of DNA 2006

American Health Care Managed Care – way to control health care costs – patient as consumer - HMO - HMO - CMS - CMS - HCFA - HCFA - HIPAA - HIPAA The Medical Office – large corporations, consolidation of services, outsourcing and physicians as employees - EMR - EMR - Specialty Clinics - Specialty Clinics - MDs, ARNPs, Pas - MDs, ARNPs, Pas - Allied Health Teams – Medical Assistants - Allied Health Teams – Medical Assistants

Medical Assisting Profession Multi-skilled Allied Health Professional Multi-skilled Allied Health Professional General, Administrative and Clinical Skills General, Administrative and Clinical Skills Qualities: Qualities: - professionalism - professionalism - flexibility - flexibility - honesty - honesty - accuracy - accuracy - dependability - dependability - empathy - empathy - responsibility - responsibility - initiative - initiative - high moral and ethical standards - high moral and ethical standards

Medical Assisting History – 1930s History – 1930s AAMA – 1956 AAMA – 1956 First accredited school – 1974 First accredited school – 1974 CMA Exam CMA Exam - graduation from accredited school – CAAHEP or ABHES - graduation from accredited school – CAAHEP or ABHES - nationally recognized standard - nationally recognized standard - recertify every 5 years by exam or CEU - recertify every 5 years by exam or CEU

AAMA American Association of Medical Assistants American Association of Medical Assistants - networking - networking - continued education - continued education - seminars - seminars - professional journals - professional journals - conventions - conventions - group insurance - group insurance

Health Care Assistant (HCA) Washington State only Washington State only Vehicle for licensure to puncture skin Vehicle for licensure to puncture skin Good for delegation under one employer only – new employer, new HCA required Good for delegation under one employer only – new employer, new HCA required Categories and minimum qualifications There are six categories, or performance levels, outlined in the rules. Individuals may be certified in one or several categories on a single certification. Certifications are issued for two years. Category A - Performs venous and capillary invasive procedures for blood withdrawal Educational requirements High school education. Ability to read and write in English. Occupational requirements Physical ability to perform the skills. Training and instruction On the job training and instruction. Work experience Practice and observe under a qualified trainer and all training must be documented. Educational requirements High school education. Ability to read and write in English. Occupational requirements Physical ability to perform the skills. Training and instruction On the job training and instruction. Work experience Practice and observe under a qualified trainer and all training must be documented.

Category B - Performs arterial invasive procedures for blood withdrawal. Educational requirements High school education. Additional education in anatomy, physiology, concepts of asepsis, and microbiology. Ability to read and write in English. Occupational requirements Physical ability to perform the skills. Training and instruction On the job training and instruction. Work experience Practice and observe under a qualified trainer and all training must be documented. Educational requirements High school education. Additional education in anatomy, physiology, concepts of asepsis, and microbiology. Ability to read and write in English. Occupational requirements Physical ability to perform the skills. Training and instruction On the job training and instruction. Work experience Practice and observe under a qualified trainer and all training must be documented. Category C - Performs intradermal (including skin tests), subcutaneous, and intramuscular injections for diagnostic agents. Educational requirements Nine hundred hours of formal education at the post secondary level to include anatomy, physiology, basic pharmacology, concepts of asepsis, and microbiology. Ability to read and write in English. Must possess a basic knowledge of mathematics Occupational requirements Physical ability to perform the skills.. Training and instruction Formal training and instruction to include ethics, patient confidentiality, procedures of injections and medications, terminology, medical practices and safety. Work experience Simulated practice. Observe and perform on patients under qualified trainer until proficient. All training must be documented. Educational requirements Nine hundred hours of formal education at the post secondary level to include anatomy, physiology, basic pharmacology, concepts of asepsis, and microbiology. Ability to read and write in English. Must possess a basic knowledge of mathematics Occupational requirements Physical ability to perform the skills.. Training and instruction Formal training and instruction to include ethics, patient confidentiality, procedures of injections and medications, terminology, medical practices and safety. Work experience Simulated practice. Observe and perform on patients under qualified trainer until proficient. All training must be documented.

Category D - Performs intravenous injections for diagnostic agents. Educational requirements Two academic years of formal education at the post secondary level to include anatomy, physiology, basic pharmacology, mathematics, chemistry, concepts of asepsis, and microbiology. Ability to read and write in English. Occupational requirements Physical ability to perform the skills. Training and instruction Formal training and instruction to include ethics, patient confidentiality, procedures of injections and medications, terminology, medical practices and safety. Work experience Simulated practice. Observe and perform on patients under qualified trainer until proficient. All training must be documented. Educational requirements Two academic years of formal education at the post secondary level to include anatomy, physiology, basic pharmacology, mathematics, chemistry, concepts of asepsis, and microbiology. Ability to read and write in English. Occupational requirements Physical ability to perform the skills. Training and instruction Formal training and instruction to include ethics, patient confidentiality, procedures of injections and medications, terminology, medical practices and safety. Work experience Simulated practice. Observe and perform on patients under qualified trainer until proficient. All training must be documented. Category E - Performs intramuscular, intradermal (including skin tests), and subcutaneous, injections for therapeutic agents. Educational requirements Nine hundred hours of formal education at the post secondary level to include anatomy, physiology, pharmacological principles and medication administration, mathematics, concepts of asepsis, and microbiology. Ability to read and write in English. Must possess a basic knowledge of mathematics. Occupational requirements Physical ability to perform the skills. Training and instruction Formal training and instruction to include ethics, patient confidentiality, procedures of injections and medications, terminology, medical practices and safety. Work experience Simulated practice. Observe and perform on patients under qualified trainer until proficient. All training must be documented. Educational requirements Nine hundred hours of formal education at the post secondary level to include anatomy, physiology, pharmacological principles and medication administration, mathematics, concepts of asepsis, and microbiology. Ability to read and write in English. Must possess a basic knowledge of mathematics. Occupational requirements Physical ability to perform the skills. Training and instruction Formal training and instruction to include ethics, patient confidentiality, procedures of injections and medications, terminology, medical practices and safety. Work experience Simulated practice. Observe and perform on patients under qualified trainer until proficient. All training must be documented.

Category F - Performs intravenous injections for therapeutic agents. Educational requirements Two academic years of formal education at the post secondary level to include anatomy, physiology, pharmacological principles and medication administration, chemistry, mathematics, concepts of asepsis, and microbiology. Ability to read and write in English. Must possess a basic knowledge of mathematics. Occupational requirements Physical ability to perform the skills. Training and instruction Formal training and instruction to include ethics, patient confidentiality, procedures of injections and medications, terminology, medical practices and safety. Work experience Simulated practice. Observe and perform on patients under qualified trainer until proficient. All training must be documented. Educational requirements Two academic years of formal education at the post secondary level to include anatomy, physiology, pharmacological principles and medication administration, chemistry, mathematics, concepts of asepsis, and microbiology. Ability to read and write in English. Must possess a basic knowledge of mathematics. Occupational requirements Physical ability to perform the skills. Training and instruction Formal training and instruction to include ethics, patient confidentiality, procedures of injections and medications, terminology, medical practices and safety. Work experience Simulated practice. Observe and perform on patients under qualified trainer until proficient. All training must be documented. Category G - Performs hemodialysis Educational requirements High school or equivalent, ability to read, write, and converse in English, basic math including use of fractions and decimal points. Occupational requirements Physical ability to perform the skills Training and instruction Formal training and instruction to encompass all core competencies described within WAC The training must be provided by a licensed health care practitioner and must be a minimum of 6 weeks in both didactic and supervised clinical instruction. Work experience Simulated practice. Observe and perform on patients under qualified trainer until proficient. All training must be documented. Educational requirements High school or equivalent, ability to read, write, and converse in English, basic math including use of fractions and decimal points. Occupational requirements Physical ability to perform the skills Training and instruction Formal training and instruction to encompass all core competencies described within WAC The training must be provided by a licensed health care practitioner and must be a minimum of 6 weeks in both didactic and supervised clinical instruction. Work experience Simulated practice. Observe and perform on patients under qualified trainer until proficient. All training must be documented.