Presidential Reconstruction ( )

radical and moderate Republicans radical ideological federal government suffrage land redistribution

radical and moderate Republicans radicalmoderates ideologicalpragmatic federal governmentstate government suffragecivil rights land redistributioncivil rights

Congress and the President Congress passes Freedmen’s Bureau Bill

Congress and the President Congress passes Freedmen’s Bureau Bill Congress passes Civil Rights Bill of 1866

Congress and the President Congress passes Freedmen’s Bureau Bill Congress passes Civil Rights Bill of 1866 Johnson vetoes both

Congress and the President Congress passes Freedmen’s Bureau Bill Congress passes Civil Rights Bill of 1866 Johnson vetoes both Congress overrides vetoes

Congress and the President Congress passes Freedmen’s Bureau Bill Congress passes Civil Rights Bill of 1866 Johnson vetoes both Congress overrides vetoes Congress passes the Fourteenth Amendment

Congressional Reconstruction ( )

Congress and the President Congress passes Freedmen’s Bureau Bill Congress passes Civil Rights Bill of 1866 Johnson vetoes both Congress overrides vetoes Congress passes the Fourteenth Amendment Congress passes the Reconstruction Act of 1867

territories, radical Reconstruction (1868)

Reconstruction Act of 1867 new state constitutional conventions delegates must sign iron-clad oath constitution must provide manhood suffrage state legislature must ratify fourteenth amendment

reconstruction plans and policies LincolnWade DavisJohnsonRepublicans returning to citizenship oath (pardons: high officials) oath (pardons: high officials/ rich planters) oath resuming suffrage with citizenshipiron-clad oathwith citizenshipiron-clad oath recreating state gov 10% of voters50% of votersno need to recreate need to recreate rewriting state constitution republican form of gov/ respecting current laws about slavery renounce slavery and secession renounce slavery and secession; repudiate Confederate debt ratify 14 th amendment; endorse manhood suffrage

the Fifteenth Amendment The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation

African-American men voting for the first time

African-American Officeholding

African-American delegation to Congress

Blanche K. Bruce and Hiram Revels (first African- American senators)

goals of Republican state governments government for all people

goals of Republican state governments government for all people – law hospitable to African Americans

goals of Republican state governments government for all people – law hospitable to African Americans – public works hospitable to African Americans

goals of Republican state governments government for all people government with new purposes

goals of Republican state governments government for all people government with new purposes – providing aid to the needy

goals of Republican state governments government for all people government with new purposes – providing aid to the needy – creating conditions for economic prosperity

waning northern support for Reconstruction longstanding skepticism about federal power

waning northern support for Reconstruction longstanding skepticism about federal power longstanding desire for sectional reunion

waning northern support for Reconstruction longstanding skepticism about federal power longstanding desire for sectional reunion partisan interest in white voters (Republicans)

waning northern support for Reconstruction longstanding skepticism about federal power longstanding desire for sectional reunion partisan interest in white voters (Republicans) business interest in black laboring class (Republicans)

Redemption ( )