Spies, Drones, and Snowden: What’s the Future of US Intelligence? Dennis Bowden Adjunct Professor University of Central Florida

To better inform White House policy debate

To gain military or economic advantage

The World’s Second Oldest Profession?

Stuart’s Missions  Intelligence and reconnaissance  Interdiction of Federal troops and material  Sabotage

Secretary of State Henry L. Stimson

“Gentlemen don’t read each other’s mail.”

 Intelligence Collection  Research and Analysis  Special Operations

4 Main Missions of CIA  Collection of foreign Human Intelligence (HUMINT)

4 Main Missions of CIA  Collection of foreign Human Intelligence (HUMINT)  Counterintelligence

4 Main Missions of CIA  Collection of foreign Human Intelligence (HUMINT)  Counterintelligence  All-Source Analysis

4 Main Missions of CIA  Collection of foreign Human Intelligence (HUMINT)  Counterintelligence  All-Source Analysis  Covert Action

US Intelligence and the Cold War National Security Agency (NSA) The National Reconnaissance Office (NRO) The Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) 4. … In addition to intelligence organizations of US military services

"The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized."

All Surveillance on Americans Requires a Warrant

Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court

All Surveillance on Americans Requires a Warrant Congressional Oversight of Intel Community No Covert Action without President approval and congressional notification No assassinations FBI focuses solely on domestic activity CIA focuses solely on foreign activity

1. Strong public support for CIA, etc.

USA PATRIOT ACT

1. Strong public support for CIA, etc. USA PATRIOT ACT “Authorization for the Use of Military Force Against Terrorists”

1. Strong public support for CIA, etc. USA PATRIOT ACT “Authorization for the Use of Military Force Against Terrorists” Rules for Intercepting Phone Calls

1. Strong public support for CIA, etc. 2. Growth of Intelligence Community

1. Strong public support for CIA, etc. 2. Growth of Intelligence Community 3. “Lanes in the Road” Blurred

1. Strong public support for CIA, etc. 2. Growth of Intelligence Community 3. “Lanes in the Road” Blurred 4. CIA Becomes a Warfighter

1. Strong public support for CIA, etc. 2. Growth of Intelligence Community 3. “Lanes in the Road” Blurred 4. CIA Becomes a Warfighter 5. Creation of the Director of National Intelligence

1. Cyber

2. US “Drone Strikes”

1. Cyber 2. US “Drone Strikes” 3. And this man …

NSA, “Prism” and The PATRIOT Act What’s the fuss?

Khalid al-MihdharNawaf al-Hamzi

NSA and The PATRIOT Act By 2006, the NSA developed ability to search metadata

NSA and The PATRIOT Act But wait … What is metadata ?

NSA and The PATRIOT Act By 2006, the NSA developed the ability to search metadata Metadata supplied by phone companies Then searched by algorithms Kept secret

NSA and PRISM: It’s all about network analysis

NSA and PRISM: It’s all about network analysis But, is it legal?

"The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized."

Two Federal Court Justices split Republicans and Democrats split Internal Privacy Board: NSA Program is illegal Internal Advisory Group: Program is legal

Continue with NSA programs Transfer Records from US Government Create a new plan by March 28 NSA must get a warrant to access the database Privacy advocates present at FISA Court

"… What's really at stake here is how we remain true to who we are in a world that is remaking itself at dizzying speed." -- President Obama; January 17, 2014

“ We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.”

Spies, Drones, and Snowden: What’s the Future of US Intelligence? Dennis Bowden Thank you!