Biblical Studies From The Book Of Hebrews THE SUPERIOR CHRIST & HIS COVENANT I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X Biblical Studies From The Book Of Hebrews Copyright © 2005. Permission is granted from the author for free distribution of this material, but only as it appears.

Lesson 1 – General Introduction Overview God’s final & “improved” message is found in this epistle Jesus promised to fulfill the Law Mt 5:17-19 It eventually had to “vanish away” Heb 8:13 God’s covenant through Christ supersedes all His other covenants

Lesson 1 – General Introduction Overview The book’s intent is found in its title Written to Jewish Christians to warn against a return to the Law…an inferior covenant 6:4-6 Purpose Readers are “exhorted” to be faithful 13:22 cp. 6:1-6 10:26-31 Gal 5:4

Lesson 1 – General Introduction Theme “God…has spoken” 1:1-2 He has always revealed His will to man Christ is His greatest and final Spokesman Christ has solved our greatest problems Sin problem Ù His sacrifice 9:13-14 10:11-12 Access problem Ù the sanctuary 9:11-12, 23-24

Lesson 1 – General Introduction Author He is anonymous Yet, we know some details about him He was familiar with his readers 5:12 6:9 He was familiar with Timothy 13:23 He had been with his readers previously, and longed to see them again 13:19

Lesson 1 – General Introduction Author The apostle Paul has long been the most “popular choice” among candidates Yet, he may not have been the author 2:3 cp. Gal 1:11-17

Lesson 1 – General Introduction Date Internal evidence suggests a date before the destruction of Jerusalem in A.D. 70 Numerous references to sacrifices, priesthood cp. 7:8 9:6-10 13:10 There was something in the future still to “vanish away” 8:13

Lesson 2 – The Superior Spokesman His Divinity 1:1 – 2:4 God has always spoken 1:1-2a He has chosen different ways, methods Directly Gen 2:16 6:13-14 Through a bush (Ex 3:4)…a cloud (Deut 5:22)… even a donkey (Num 22:28) He now speaks to us through His Son

Lesson 2 – The Superior Spokesman His Divinity 1:1 – 2:4 God has spoken through His Son in the “last days” 1:2a An important Biblical time period to understand Mentioned elsewhere Gen 49:1,10 Isa 2:2 Dan 2:28, 44 Joel 2:28 (Acts 2:17) 2 Pet 3:3 Premillennialists misuse this phrase…we are in the “last days” NOW

Lesson 2 – The Superior Spokesman His Divinity 1:1 – 2:4 Besides being God’s final Spokesman, Jesus is also further depicted 1:2b-3 Heir of all things cp. Psa 2:8 Creator of all things cp. Jn 1:3 Col 1:16 Reflector of God’s glory, “radiance”

Lesson 2 – The Superior Spokesman His Divinity 1:1 – 2:4 Besides being God’s final Spokesman, Jesus is also further depicted 1:2b-3 Exact representation of His nature cp. Jn 14:9 Col 1:15 2:9 Upholder of all created things cp. Col 1:17

Lesson 2 – The Superior Spokesman His Divinity 1:1 – 2:4 Christ is declared to be much superior to angels 1:4 His name is “more excellent” than theirs This point is significant, given the impact angels had on the Mosaic covenant Acts 7:53 Gal 3:19

Lesson 2 – The Superior Spokesman His Divinity 1:1 – 2:4 Proof Christ is superior to the angels 1:5-14 What angel was ever told, “Thou art My Son?” v. 5a Psa 2:7 cp. Acts 13:33 What angel was ever told, “I am your Father?” v. 5b 2 Sam 7:14

Lesson 2 – The Superior Spokesman His Divinity 1:1 – 2:4 Proof Christ is superior to the angels 1:5-14 Angels told to worship the Son v. 6 Deut 32:43 Psa 97:7 Angels = servants v. 7 Psa 104:4 Son addressed as “God” vv. 8-9 Psa 45:6-7

Lesson 2 – The Superior Spokesman His Divinity 1:1 – 2:4 Proof Christ is superior to the angels 1:5-14 Son = Creator, imperishable vv. 10-12 Psa 102:25-27 What angel was ever told, “Sit at My right hand?” v. 13 Psa 110:1 cp. Mt 22:41-46 Acts 2:34-35

Lesson 2 – The Superior Spokesman His Divinity 1:1 – 2:4 Angels = “ministering spirits” 1:14 They serve those who will inherit salvation Physical service? 2 Pet 1:3 Concern for our salvation Lk 15:10 Stand before heaven’s throne Mt 18:10 Assistance on our journey to Paradise Lk 16:22

Lesson 2 – The Superior Spokesman His Divinity 1:1 – 2:4 Given Christ’s superiority, we are under obligation 2:1-4 We must be attentive to what He says v. 1a If not, we will “drift away” v. 1b Proof one can be lost after he/she is saved (Denies “Once Saved, Always Saved” doctrine)

Lesson 2 – The Superior Spokesman His Divinity 1:1 – 2:4 Given Christ’s superiority, we are under obligation 2:1-4 What was spoken through angels was “sure”… how much more what the Son says? vv. 2-3a We have no escape if we “neglect” the word of salvation cp. Mt 22:5

Lesson 2 – The Superior Spokesman His Divinity 1:1 – 2:4 Given Christ’s superiority, we are under obligation 2:1-4 Christ’s message has been confirmed vv. 3b-4 At first by Jesus Himself Mt 4:17, 23 Also by His witnesses Acts 1:8 Finally by signs & wonders Mk 16:20

Lesson 2 – The Superior Spokesman His Humanity 2:5-18 “Man” (in general) was given dominion over the world vv. 5-8a As proof, the author quotes from Psa 8:4-6 The “world to come” = the gospel age, where man is to have dominion cp. Eph 1:3 2:4-6 1 Cor 3:18-23

Lesson 2 – The Superior Spokesman His Humanity 2:5-18 “At present, we do not yet see everything in subjection to him” v. 8b Man’s dominion was lost when he rebelled in sin against God Gen 1:26-28 3:17-19 “But we see Him…” v. 9a The “Ideal Man” Ù Jesus Christ

Lesson 2 – The Superior Spokesman His Humanity 2:5-18 The “Ideal Man” Ù Jesus Christ vv. 9b-15 Crowned with glory & honor through sufferings Brought many sons to glory (restored our dominion we lost in sin) Man’s “captain”, “leader”, “founder”, “author” cp. Heb 12:2 Acts 3:15 5:31

Lesson 2 – The Superior Spokesman His Humanity 2:5-18 The “Ideal Man” Ù Jesus Christ vv. 9b-15 He acknowledges us as “brethren” cp. Psa 22:22 Isa 8:17-18 He is “Sanctifier”…we are the “sanctified” v. 11 He shares “flesh and blood” with us

Lesson 2 – The Superior Spokesman His Humanity 2:5-18 The “Ideal Man” Ù Jesus Christ vv. 9b-15 He died for 2 main reasons vv. 14-15 To “render powerless” or “destroy” him who had the power of death Ù the devil v. 14 To “deliver” or “release” those held captive through the fear of death v. 15 cp. Rom 6:16-17, 23 Jn 8:34

Lesson 2 – The Superior Spokesman His Humanity 2:5-18 The “Ideal Man” Ù Jesus Christ vv. 9b-15 His “destruction” of Satan was not an annihilation cp. 2 Cor 2:11 Eph 6:11-12, 16 1 Pet 5:8 1 Jn 5:19 His “destruction” of Satan rendered him “powerless” in death cp. 1 Cor 15:54-57

Lesson 2 – The Superior Spokesman His Humanity 2:5-18 Jesus, Our High Priest 2:16-17 He was made like His brethren Ù human He became a “merciful & faithful High Priest” He made “propitiation” (satisfying atonement) He understands man’s plight in suffering, being tempted cp. 4:14-16

Lesson 3 – The Superior Spokesman Belief In Jesus As God’s Son 3:1-6 Jesus = “High Priest & Apostle” v. 1 “High Priest” = mediator cp. 2:17-18 “Apostle” = one sent officially cp. Jn 7:16-18 20:21 In a word, Jesus is “superior” to Moses vv. 2-6

Lesson 3 – The Superior Spokesman Belief In Jesus As God’s Son 3:1-6 Jesus’ superiority to Moses vv. 2-6 Christ is “builder” cp. 1:2, 10 Moses = “servant in house” v. 5 Num 12:7 Christ = “Son over house” v. 6 Eph 1:22-23 Moses “testified” to Christ’s superiority v. 5 cp. Deut 18:18-19 Acts 3:19-26

Lesson 3 – The Superior Spokesman Perils Of Unbelief In Jesus 3:7-19 The author illustrates the meaning of “being faithful as God’s house” vv. 6, 7-11 He quotes Psa 95:7-11 Overall, O.T. Israel was rebellious, obstinate Finally, God declares “No rest” for them cp. Num 14:23 Deut 12:9

Lesson 3 – The Superior Spokesman Perils Of Unbelief In Jesus 3:7-19 The author exhorts his readers based on his review of Israel’s history vv. 12-15 We must “take care” to avoid unbelief, evil We must “exhort” each other while it is “Today” We must guard against being “hardened by the deceitfulness of sin”

Lesson 3 – The Superior Spokesman Perils Of Unbelief In Jesus 3:7-19 The author exhorts his readers based on his review of Israel’s history vv. 12-15 The main concern taught here is apostasy The only safeguard against apostasy is to continue to “hear His voice” v. 15 cp. Jn 10:27-29

Lesson 3 – The Superior Spokesman Perils Of Unbelief In Jesus 3:7-19 The author summarizes in vv. 16-18 Rhetorical questions are asked to illustrate the obvious truthfulness of what he has written The author concludes in v. 19 O.T. Israel failed to see “God’s rest” because of unbelief

Lesson 3 – The Superior Spokesman Rest For Believers In Jesus 4:1-13 “Therefore” segways between 3:18-19 & 4:1 Since O.T. Israel failed to enter God’s rest, His promise still stands open, available We should “fear” lest we repeat Israel’s mistake Israel also had “good news preached to them” They did not unite the message with faith 4:2

Lesson 3 – The Superior Spokesman Rest For Believers In Jesus 4:1-13 That some did not enter, enjoy God’s rest is not due to a failure by God 4:3b cp. 3:19 Proven by the Scripture 4:4-5 The “divine rest” is still open 4:6-7 The writer cites 2 reasons why this rest is still available to believers 4:7-9

Lesson 3 – The Superior Spokesman Rest For Believers In Jesus 4:1-13 The “divine rest” is still open 4:6-7 The writer cites 2 reasons why this rest is still available to believers 4:7-9 David still wrote of “Today” long after Israel failed God would not have spoken of a rest to come if the one provided through Joshua had been His intentions

Lesson 3 – The Superior Spokesman Rest For Believers In Jesus 4:1-13 Based on exhortations in 3:7- 4:10, believers must “strive to enter this rest” 4:11 Israel’s disobedience is given as an example We can repeat their mistake if we are equally faithless in listening to God, His Son cp. 2:1-3

Lesson 3 – The Superior Spokesman Rest For Believers In Jesus 4:1-13 The writer gives believers great motivation to be faithful to God, enter His rest 4:12-13 God will not be fooled by hypocrisy, negligence His word knows us thoroughly, is able to discern our innermost thoughts, intents v. 12 God Himself is behind His word’s power v. 13

Lesson 4 – The Superior Spokesman Introducing His Priesthood 4:14 – 5:10 Jesus “passed through the heavens” 4:14 Duties of the high priest cp. Lev 16:12 Christ is now in the real most holy place cp. 9:23-24 Therefore, believers should “hold fast their confession…” 4:15-16

Lesson 4 – The Superior Spokesman Introducing His Priesthood 4:14 – 5:10 Therefore, believers should “hold fast their confession…” 4:15-16 Our high priest sympathizes with our weaknesses, Himself also tempted…yet w/o sin He is the perfect Advocate cp. Heb 7:25 1 Jn 2:1 Therefore, we can approach God confidently

Lesson 4 – The Superior Spokesman Introducing His Priesthood 4:14 – 5:10 God’s priests must be qualified 5:1-4 They must be selected from among men v. 1 They must deal gently with the wayward since they are beset with same weaknesses v. 2 They must be divinely appointed v. 4

Lesson 4 – The Superior Spokesman Introducing His Priesthood 4:14 – 5:10 Christ meets God’s qualifications as our High Priest 5:5-7 He didn’t exalt Himself cp. Phil 2:6-9 He was beset with weaknesses while human cp. Heb 4:15 Mk 14:33-36 Christ learned obedience 5:8

Lesson 4 – The Superior Spokesman Introducing His Priesthood 4:14 – 5:10 Through His obedience, Jesus was made perfect (complete) & “author” (source) 5:9 Salvation is for those who do as He did…obey To further prove Christ’s priesthood, a discussion of Melchizedek is begun 5:10

Lesson 4 – The Superior Spokesman Pausing His Priesthood 5:11 – 6:20 The author must pause his discussion on Melchizedek Though he had “much to say,” he had to pause to address some remedial issues in his readers His readers had become “dull of hearing” or sluggish (spiritually lazy) 5:11b cp. 6:12

Lesson 4 – The Superior Spokesman Pausing His Priesthood 5:11 – 6:20 The author must pause his discussion on Melchizedek The author reminds his readers of the dietary limitations of babies 5:13-14 Only the mature can handle “meat” Only the mature have trained their senses

Lesson 4 – The Superior Spokesman Pausing His Priesthood 5:11 – 6:20 The Christian must eventually graduate from “elementary principles” 6:1-8 cp. 5:12b Sluggish saints need remedial learning 6:1-2 “If God wills…” means disciples can mature, but they must put forth effort 6:3 cp. 5:14 To not grow = apostasy 6:4-6

Lesson 4 – The Superior Spokesman Pausing His Priesthood 5:11 – 6:20 Apostasy is grimly portrayed in 6:6-8 To fall away = to “re-crucify Christ” v. 6 It would nullify His death for sin It is done “to ourselves” or “to our own harm” Apostasy always brings consequences vv. 7-8 Yet, there is hope 6:9-12

Lesson 4 – The Superior Spokesman Pausing His Priesthood 5:11 – 6:20 Yet, there is hope 6:9-12 We can be “earnest” (not sluggish) v. 11 We can “imitate” other faithful saints v. 12 We can have hope for the future v. 10 Our past faithful service to God, others bodes well God won’t overlook such faithful service

Lesson 4 – The Superior Spokesman Pausing His Priesthood 5:11 – 6:20 God Himself is the best reason for saints to maintain hope, not fall away 6:13-18 His promises are sure, unbreakable Illustrated by His promises to Abraham vv. 13-14 He guaranteed them by swearing an oath Abraham’s reaction is an example to us v. 15

Lesson 4 – The Superior Spokesman Pausing His Priesthood 5:11 – 6:20 God Himself is the best reason for saints to maintain hope, not fall away 6:13-18 He has confirmed Himself vv. 16-18 His heirs are “convinced” of His immutable purpose Two immutable things assure us to believe in Him His promise His oath cp. Mt 24:35 1 Pet 1:23-25

Lesson 4 – The Superior Spokesman Pausing His Priesthood 5:11 – 6:20 God Himself is the best reason for saints to maintain hope, not fall away 6:13-18 We are encouraged to “hold fast to the end” Our soul, hope has an anchor 6:19-20 We can go to where our Melchizedek-like Priest has gone…behind the veil

Lesson 4 – The Superior Spokesman Concluding His Priesthood 7:1-28 Melchizedek is discussed again vv. 1-10 He was “king” as well as “priest” v. 1a Abraham paid him tithes vv. 1b-2 cp. Gen 14 His priesthood is perpetual v. 3 Jesus is Priest “after the order of Melchizedek” cp. Zech 6:13

Lesson 4 – The Superior Spokesman Concluding His Priesthood 7:1-28 Melchizedek is discussed again vv. 1-10 His receipt of Abraham’s tithes testifies to his “greatness” vv. 4-10 Aaronic priests were to receive tithes v. 5 Num 18 Yet, Abraham paid Melchizedek tithes vv. 6-7 The “lesser was blessed by the greater” cp. Gen 14:19

Lesson 4 – The Superior Spokesman Concluding His Priesthood 7:1-28 Melchizedek is discussed again vv. 1-10 His receipt of Abraham’s tithes testifies to his “greatness” vv. 4-10 Aaronic priests received tithes as mortal men while Melchizedek received tithes as one who lives v. 8 Even Aaronic priests “paid tithes” to Melchizedek through Abraham vv. 9-10

Lesson 4 – The Superior Spokesman Concluding His Priesthood 7:1-28 Jesus is Priest like Melchizedek vv. 11-28 The law has changed vv. 11-14 If Mosaic Law could perfect man, the priesthood wouldn’t have changed from Aaron to Melchizedek The Law couldn’t perfect 7:18-19 Rom 8:3 Gal 3:21 Since the priesthood has changed, the law has necessarily changed also

Lesson 4 – The Superior Spokesman Concluding His Priesthood 7:1-28 Jesus is Priest like Melchizedek vv. 11-28 The law has changed vv. 11-14 v. 14 is a powerful argument re: Biblical authority The “One of whom we speak” = Jesus v. 13 He belonged to another tribe (Judah), from which no one ever served at the altar

Lesson 4 – The Superior Spokesman Concluding His Priesthood 7:1-28 Jesus is Priest like Melchizedek vv. 11-28 The law has changed vv. 11-14 v. 14 is a powerful argument re: Biblical authority Moses “said nothing” about men from Judah serving as priests under the Law Therefore, God’s silence is AUTHORITATIVE…it is prohibitive, not permissive

Lesson 4 – The Superior Spokesman Concluding His Priesthood 7:1-28 Jesus is Priest like Melchizedek vv. 11-28 His Priesthood is more enduring vv. 15-25 Not a priest by “legal requirement, bodily descent” but by “power of indestructible life” v. 16 Therefore, the “old commandment” is set aside in favor of the “better hope” vv. 18-19 Witnessed by an oath vv. 20-21

Lesson 4 – The Superior Spokesman Concluding His Priesthood 7:1-28 Jesus is Priest like Melchizedek vv. 11-28 His Priesthood is more enduring vv. 15-25 He is “guarantor” of a better covenant v. 22 He alone is sufficient as Priest because He endures forever vv. 23-24 cp. 1:10-12 13:8 He (unlike the Law) is “able to save” because He is always interceding for us v. 25

Lesson 4 – The Superior Spokesman Concluding His Priesthood 7:1-28 Jesus is Priest like Melchizedek vv. 11-28 As Priest, He is perfect vv. 26-28 He is “holy” [set apart to God; sanctified] He is “innocent” [undefiled; blameless; w/o guilt] He is “unstained” [having no sin] He is “separated from sinners” [not among them]

Lesson 4 – The Superior Spokesman Concluding His Priesthood 7:1-28 Jesus is Priest like Melchizedek vv. 11-28 As Priest, He is perfect vv. 26-28 He is “exalted above the heavens” [rewarded] He officiated re: sacrifices only once compared to Aaronic priests He was appointed by an “oath” versus “law”

Lesson 5 – The Superior Covenant A Brief Outline Of 8:1-13 The Realm Of Our High Priest: HEAVEN vv. 1-5 The Covenant Of Our High Priest: BETTER vv. 6-13

Lesson 5 – The Superior Covenant A More Excellent Ministry 8:1-13 The “point” the author has been trying to make…Jesus is exalted as High Priest v. 1a He is now seated at God’s right hand v. 1b cp. 1:3-4 The Scripture portrays the importance of Jesus being at God’s right hand

Lesson 5 – The Superior Covenant A More Excellent Ministry 8:1-13 The Scripture portrays the importance of Jesus being at God’s right hand 5 times in this book Heb 1:3, 13 8:1 10:12 12:2 Preached by Peter Acts 2:30-36 Witnessed by Stephen Acts 7:55 Written by Paul Eph 1:20-23 Assured to the end Heb 10:11-14

Lesson 5 – The Superior Covenant A More Excellent Ministry 8:1-13 Jesus is also “minister” of the holy places… built by God, not man vv. 2-4 cp. 9:23-24 This “Minister” (High Priest) deals with the sins of men by offering sacrifices v. 3 He had something to offer…Himself cp. 7:27 He could not serve as Priest on earth v. 4

Lesson 5 – The Superior Covenant A More Excellent Ministry 8:1-13 The earthly realm of Aaronic priests was inferior v. 5 Yes, it was true to the “pattern” cp. Ex 25:40 But, it was only a “shadow of the true” Therefore, the Mosaic covenant is inferior to the gospel cp. Heb 10:1 Col 2:17

Lesson 5 – The Superior Covenant A More Excellent Ministry 8:1-13 Christ serves in the superior realm (heaven), not the inferior realm (earth) v. 6 He has a “more excellent ministry” He mediates a “better covenant” cp. 1 Tim 2:5 Moses mediated the 1st covenant cp. Gal 3:19 This covenant is enacted on “better promises”

Lesson 5 – The Superior Covenant A More Excellent Ministry 8:1-13 Thus, for there to be a 2nd covenant, the 1st covenant had to be faulty v. 7 As proof, Jeremiah is quoted Jer 31:31-34 The Mosaic covenant was good cp. Rom 7:12 The Mosaic covenant was also “weak” or “useless” in that it couldn’t bring man permanent fellowship with God cp. Heb 7:18-19

Lesson 5 – The Superior Covenant A More Excellent Ministry 8:1-13 Thus, for there to be a 2nd covenant, the 1st covenant had to be faulty v. 7 As proof, Jeremiah is quoted Jer 31:31-34 The Mosaic covenant wasn’t inherently faulty The fault was in fact “with them” (the people)… not “with it” (the covenant) Heb. 8:8-9

Lesson 5 – The Superior Covenant A More Excellent Ministry 8:1-13 Thus, for there to be a 2nd covenant, the 1st covenant had to be faulty v. 7 As proof, Jeremiah is quoted Jer 31:31-34 The covenants are not the same Heb 8:9 The gospel is not a “warmed over repetition” The gospel is not a “continuation” of the Law

Lesson 5 – The Superior Covenant A More Excellent Ministry 8:1-13 The gospel is shown to be superior to the Law in 3 substantive ways vv. 10-12 It is recorded better v. 10 cp. 2 Cor 3:2-3 On hearts, not tablets of stone It was easier to “internalize”

Lesson 5 – The Superior Covenant A More Excellent Ministry 8:1-13 The gospel is shown to be superior to the Law in 3 substantive ways vv. 10-12 It involves people already taught v. 11 2nd covenant adherents are more enlightened cp. Mt 28:20 Jn 6:45 Compare to 1st covenant adherents Lev 12:3 Josh 4:6-7, 20-24

Lesson 5 – The Superior Covenant A More Excellent Ministry 8:1-13 The gospel is shown to be superior to the Law in 3 substantive ways vv. 10-12 It offers complete forgiveness v. 12 No annual reminder of sins E.g. Ù the sin of adultery Lev 20:10 1 Cor 6:9-11

Lesson 6 – The Superior Covenant The Covenants Contrasted 9:1-28 The 1st covenant’s worship was strictly governed by “regulations” vv. 1-5, 6-10 Size of furniture Ex 25-27, 30 Placement of furnishings Ex 40 Frequency of access Lev 16 Ingredients Ex 27, 30, 38

Lesson 6 – The Superior Covenant The Covenants Contrasted 9:1-28 The 1st covenant’s worship was strictly governed by “regulations” vv. 1-5, 6-10 Quality of sacrificial animals Lev 4, 22 “Of this…” the author will not speak v. 5b His audience was already familiar with this way His aim is to emphasize the “new”

Lesson 6 – The Superior Covenant The Covenants Contrasted 9:1-28 The 1st covenant’s worship was strictly governed by “regulations” vv. 1-5, 6-10 This “system of worship” = symbolic vv. 8-10 As long as the “old” remained, the “new” (true) could not be accessed Hasn’t the “new way” already been opened up by Christ? v. 24

Lesson 6 – The Superior Covenant The Covenants Contrasted 9:1-28 The 1st covenant’s worship was strictly governed by “regulations” vv. 1-5, 6-10 This “system of worship” = symbolic vv. 8-10 Worshipers under the “old” could not be perfected Worship focused on the outward, physical v. 9b A “reformation” was in order v. 10 cp. Gal 3:19-25

Lesson 6 – The Superior Covenant The Covenants Contrasted 9:1-28 Christ’s blood that flowed offers 4 great provisions in the new covenant vv. 11-17 Access to the “true tabernacle” vv. 11-12 His blood opened the way cp. 4:14, 16 A “cleansed conscience” vv. 13-14 Accomplished at baptism cp. 1 Pet 3:21

Lesson 6 – The Superior Covenant The Covenants Contrasted 9:1-28 Christ’s blood that flowed offers 4 great provisions in the new covenant vv. 11-17 Past saints were redeemed v. 15 They finally gained redemption cp. 10:4 His “last will & testament” was ratified vv. 16-17 cp. Gal 3:15

Lesson 6 – The Superior Covenant The Covenants Contrasted 9:1-28 The N.T. = Christ’s “last will & testament” vv. 15-17 The plan has always been eternal 2 Tim 1:9 While living, Jesus made exceptions to the “will” cp. Mt 9:6 Lk 23:42-43

Lesson 6 – The Superior Covenant The Covenants Contrasted 9:1-28 The N.T. = Christ’s “last will & testament” vv. 15-17 As Testator, Christ’s death ratified His will After He died, the conditions for the inheritance were set cp. Mt 28:19-20 Mk 16:15-16 Lk 24:46-47

Lesson 6 – The Superior Covenant The Covenants Contrasted 9:1-28 The N.T. = Christ’s “last will & testament” vv. 15-17 Man-made denominationalism destroys this concept of Christ’s “last will & testament” They try to change the terms of the will It is not theirs to change cp. Gal 3:15

Lesson 6 – The Superior Covenant The Covenants Contrasted 9:1-28 Blood is vital for any covenant vv. 18-26 Without blood, there is no ratifying v. 18 Moses so ratified the 1st covenant vv. 19-22 Even more, Christ’s covenant has been ratified by His own blood vv. 23-26 Therefore, His covenant is far superior to Moses’ vv. 24-25

Lesson 6 – The Superior Covenant The Covenants Contrasted 9:1-28 Christ’s death was “one time” vv. 27-28 Just as man dies once, so, too, has Christ His earthly appearances had different purposes 1st appearance = “to bear the sins of many” 2nd appearance = “apart from sin…” or for purpose of salvation

Lesson 6 – The Superior Covenant The 2nd Covenant’s Sacrifice 10:1-18 The 1st covenant was “a shadow…” and not the “true reality” v. 1a cp. Col 2:17 The 1st covenant could not “make perfect those who drew near” v. 1b It could not remove sin, its guilt vv. 2-4 Cp. to the 2nd covenant 8:12

Lesson 6 – The Superior Covenant The 2nd Covenant’s Sacrifice 10:1-18 Therefore, Christ came into the world v. 5a He was made like His brethren cp. 2:14-17 This was the Divine plan vv. 5b-8 A fulfillment of prophecy cp. Psa 40:6-8 God is pleased by obedience, not by “rituals” of sacrifices & offerings

Lesson 6 – The Superior Covenant The 2nd Covenant’s Sacrifice 10:1-18 In doing His Father’s will, Jesus “abolished” the 1st covenant & “established” the 2nd covenant v. 9 “By this will,…” we have been sanctified (set apart from sin) v. 10

Lesson 6 – The Superior Covenant The 2nd Covenant’s Sacrifice 10:1-18 Aaronic Priesthood Christ’s Priesthood Priests stand daily offering same sacrifices repeatedly v. 11 Jesus offered Himself once, then sat down v. 12 Offered sacrifices which can not take away sins v. 11 Offered a single sacrifice that perfects those being sanctified v. 14

Lesson 6 – The Superior Covenant The 2nd Covenant’s Sacrifice 10:1-18 Christ’s superiority over Moses is verified by testimony from the Holy Spirit vv. 15-17 He quotes again from Jer 31:33-34 The conclusion is stated in v. 18 When forgiveness has occurred, there is no longer a need for sacrifice

Lesson 7 – The Superior Covenant Privileges & Obligations 10:19-25 PRIVILEGES We have “confidence to enter the holy place by the blood of Jesus” v. 19 We have “a great High Priest over the house of God” v. 21

Lesson 7 – The Superior Covenant Privileges & Obligations 10:19-25 The “holy place” we may confidently enter is heaven itself v. 19 cp. 9:24 It is to enter “boldly” cp. 4:14, 16 All made possible by Jesus “opening up the way for us” v. 20 cp. 2:10 Jn 14:3, 6 Jesus is our “veil”

Lesson 7 – The Superior Covenant Privileges & Obligations 10:19-25 He is “Priest” over the house of God He is always before God, making intercession for us v. 21 cp. 7:25 We are this house “if we hold fast our confidence to the end” cp. 3:6

Lesson 7 – The Superior Covenant Privileges & Obligations 10:19-25 OBLIGATIONS We must “draw near with a true heart in full assurance of faith” v. 22 We must “hold fast the confession of our hope without wavering” v. 23

Lesson 7 – The Superior Covenant Privileges & Obligations 10:19-25 OBLIGATIONS We must “consider how to stir up (provoke) each other to love and good works” v. 24

Lesson 7 – The Superior Covenant Privileges & Obligations 10:19-25 We draw near with a “true” heart v. 22 It is to be devoted, straight forward Mt 5:8 It is to be single-minded Mt 6:19-23 It is to avoid double-mindedness that keeps one out of the kingdom Jas 1:7-8 4:8 Cp. Psa 24:3-4a

Lesson 7 – The Superior Covenant Privileges & Obligations 10:19-25 Who may draw near to God? v. 22 Those who have had their hearts sprinkled clean from an evil conscience cp. 9:13-14 Those who have been washed with pure water cp. Acts 22:16 1 Pet 3:21 God draws those who are taught Jn 6:44-45

Lesson 7 – The Superior Covenant Privileges & Obligations 10:19-25 We need to “hold fast without wavering” because the danger of apostasy is always lurking near v. 23a cp. Mk 14:27-31 We also must hold our faith steady in the face of a mocking, scornful world cp. 2 Pet 3:3-4

Lesson 7 – The Superior Covenant Privileges & Obligations 10:19-25 The incentive for us to “hold fast” is the faithfulness of God’s promises v. 23b The practical way to “hold fast” is to assemble with fellow believers vv. 24-25 cp. Eccl 4:9-12 We “provoke” or “stir up,” “encourage” each other We must not “forsake” this duty

Lesson 7 – The Superior Covenant The Need For Enduring Faith 10:26-39 “Willful sin” results when saints do not endure through faith v. 26 If we so sin, what else can be done for us? cp. 6:4-6 It is deliberate, intentional sin It is rejection, not ignorance

Lesson 7 – The Superior Covenant The Need For Enduring Faith 10:26-39 Guilty saints will not enjoy the “privileges” mentioned earlier cp. vv. 19-21 Rather, they will receive “a certain terrifying expectation of judgment” v. 27 Isa 26:11 The judgment day seems to be the “day” the author discussed in v. 25

Lesson 7 – The Superior Covenant The Need For Enduring Faith 10:26-39 God’s fierce anger is directed & justified against covenant breakers v. 28 It was under Moses’ covenant cp. Deut 17:2-7 A reminder from 2:1-3 That being so, guilty saints today can expect “…a much severer punishment…” v. 29

Lesson 7 – The Superior Covenant The Need For Enduring Faith 10:26-39 The author describes the guilty and their “willful sin” v. 29 Those who have… …“spurned, or trampled under foot the Son of God” …“profaned, or regarded His blood as common” …“outraged, or insulted the Spirit of grace”

Lesson 7 – The Superior Covenant The Need For Enduring Faith 10:26-39 God’s judgment against such “willful sinners” is certain, guaranteed vv. 30-31 He will have His revenge cp. Deut 32:35 It would be terrifying to fall into His hands Rather, being in the hands of God should be comforting cp. 2 Sam 24:10-14

Lesson 7 – The Superior Covenant The Need For Enduring Faith 10:26-39 To stress things don’t have to turn out this way, the author reminds his readers of their past faithfulness vv. 32-34 They had “endured through sufferings” Because of their own faithfulness publicly Because of their associations with other believers

Lesson 7 – The Superior Covenant The Need For Enduring Faith 10:26-39 To stress things don’t have to turn out this way, the author reminds his readers of their past faithfulness vv. 32-34 Their endurance helped them “…joyfully accept the seizure of their own property”

Lesson 7 – The Superior Covenant The Need For Enduring Faith 10:26-39 To stress things don’t have to turn out this way, the author reminds his readers of their past faithfulness vv. 32-34 They accepted their loss because they had “a better possession, an abiding one” Mt 6:19-21 Col 3:1-2 Heb 11:13-16 Phil 3:18b-20

Lesson 7 – The Superior Covenant The Need For Enduring Faith 10:26-39 Therefore, saints must never “throw away our confidence” vv. 35-36 It has a “great reward” They “live by faith” vv. 37-38 cp. Hab 2:3-4 They must not “shrink back to destruction” v. 39

Lesson 8 – The Superior Covenant Examples Of Enduring Faith 11:1-40 Explanation of such faith vv. 1-2 The “assurance” or “substance” of our hopes Something that stands under, supports; something that serves as a foundation or substructure The “evidence” or “conviction” of the unseen A legal term re: cross-examination of witnesses to establish truth, testimony

Lesson 8 – The Superior Covenant Examples Of Enduring Faith 11:1-40 Emphasis of such faith v. 6 One cannot even please God without it If we want to come near God (cp. 10:22; 4:16), we must believe that God exists, rewards those who seek Him To “seek” God is to seek His will

Lesson 8 – The Superior Covenant Examples Of Enduring Faith 11:1-40 Emphasis of such faith v. 6 “Seeking God” involves… …putting His kingdom above material things Mt 6:33 …selling all we have to be in His kingdom Mt 13:45-46

Lesson 8 – The Superior Covenant Examples Of Enduring Faith 11:1-40 Emphasis of such faith v. 6 “Seeking God” involves… …seeking Him as our Father Acts 17:24-27 …seeking heavenly things above earthly Col 3:1-2 …seeking the eternal home God has planned for us Heb 11:13-16 13:14

Lesson 8 – The Superior Covenant Examples Of Enduring Faith 11:1-40 Exhibition of such faith vv. 3-5, 7-38 We accept creation by faith v. 3 cp. Psa 33:6 Abel offered his sacrifice by faith v. 4 He obviously obeyed God cp. Rom 10:17 Enoch walked with, pleased God by faith v. 5 He was spared physical death

Lesson 8 – The Superior Covenant Examples Of Enduring Faith 11:1-40 Exhibition of such faith vv. 3-5, 7-38 Noah reverently believed, obeyed God v. 7 He even tried saving others cp. 2 Pet 2:5 His godly fear saved himself, his family Abraham obeyed in faith vv. 8-10 He trusted God, agreed to live as a “pilgrim”

Lesson 8 – The Superior Covenant Examples Of Enduring Faith 11:1-40 Exhibition of such faith vv. 3-5, 7-38 Abraham had faith when God’s commands were difficult vv. 17-19 He believed God would work everything out Sarah had faith in God vv. 11-12 Her advanced age was no hindrance for God

Lesson 8 – The Superior Covenant Examples Of Enduring Faith 11:1-40 Exhibition of such faith vv. 3-5, 7-38 Such faithful servants died “in faith” vv. 13-16 They did not receive what God had promised them They “saw” God’s promise from afar v. 13 cp. v. 1 They accepted their roles as “strangers” They looked for (longed for) their home v. 16

Lesson 8 – The Superior Covenant Examples Of Enduring Faith 11:1-40 Exhibition of such faith vv. 3-5, 7-38 Isaac had this faith at his death v. 20 He blessed his sons with a view of God’s promise Jacob had this faith at his death v. 21 He blessed Joseph’s sons as his own, included them in the future inheritance

Lesson 8 – The Superior Covenant Examples Of Enduring Faith 11:1-40 Exhibition of such faith vv. 3-5, 7-38 Joseph had this faith at his death v. 22 He made Israel promise to take his bones to Canaan Moses served God with this faith vv. 23-28 He was hidden by his parents’ faith v. 23 He decided on his identity by this faith vv. 24-26

Lesson 8 – The Superior Covenant Examples Of Enduring Faith 11:1-40 Exhibition of such faith vv. 3-5, 7-38 Moses served God with this faith vv. 23-28 He left Egypt for safety with this faith v. 27 He obeyed God re: the 10th plague with faith v. 28 Israel had this faith at the Red Sea v. 29 Israel had this faith at Jericho v. 30

Lesson 8 – The Superior Covenant Examples Of Enduring Faith 11:1-40 Exhibition of such faith vv. 3-5, 7-38 Rahab sought God with this faith v. 31 She believed, kept her part of the agreement Other servants had this faith vv. 32-34 Gideon believed in his 300 men Judg 7-8 Samson was protected as long as he acted in faith Judg 13-16

Lesson 8 – The Superior Covenant Examples Of Enduring Faith 11:1-40 Exhibition of such faith vv. 3-5, 7-38 Other servants had this faith vv. 32-34 David slew a giant with this faith 1 Sam 16-17 All of God’s prophets had to have this faith to deliver what was most of the time an unpopular message…a stern rebuke and call for repentance cp. Jer 20:7-10

Lesson 8 – The Superior Covenant Examples Of Enduring Faith 11:1-40 Exhibition of such faith vv. 3-5, 7-38 Anonymous servants had this faith vv. 35-38 Some received back their dead by this faith cp. 1 Kings 17 2 Kings 4 Some were tortured, stoned cp. 2 Chron 24 Some were sawn in two (Isaiah, by tradition)

Lesson 8 – The Superior Covenant Examples Of Enduring Faith 11:1-40 Exhibition of such faith vv. 3-5, 7-38 Anonymous servants had this faith vv. 35-38 Some were killed with the sword cp. 1 Kings 19 Some wandered about in pitiful clothing, dwelling in caves and the mountains cp. 2 Kings 1 Of all these servants, “…the world was not worthy”

Lesson 8 – The Superior Covenant Examples Of Enduring Faith 11:1-40 Encouragement of such faith vv. 39-40 Despite their faithfulness, these servants did not receive what was promised v. 39 Not because God failed them, but because God “…has provided something better for us” v. 40 This emphasizes God’s eternal plan cp. Gen 12:3 Gal 3:7-9, 22-29

Lesson 9 – Concluding Exhortations The Example Of Christ 12:1-3 N.T. Christians today have a “…great cloud of witnesses” to help with their faith v. 1a These “witnesses” are those listed in ch. 11 Their “testimony” is the type of faith God desires in His people Especially relevant cp. 11:13-16, 39

Lesson 9 – Concluding Exhortations The Example Of Christ 12:1-3 These “witnesses” ran their race v. 1b “Let us also…” run our race of faith To run, we must “lay aside sin” because it is weighty, cumbersome N.T. Christianity is a marathon, not a sprint cp. Phil 1:30 1 Tim 6:12 2 Tim 4:7

Lesson 9 – Concluding Exhortations The Example Of Christ 12:1-3 To finish our race, we have Jesus v. 2 “Look” = to look away from all other things, looking only at one Jesus is our example to follow…our goal, aim AUTHOR Ù captain, leader cp. 2:10 Acts 3:15 FINISHER Ù consummator, standard setter

Lesson 9 – Concluding Exhortations The Example Of Christ 12:1-3 Jesus was perfected through sufferings v. 2 He “endured the cross” He “despised the shame” cp. Phil 2:8 He had “…joy set before Him” cp. Eph 1:20-23 We also have eternal joy that awaits us cp. 2 Cor 4:16-18 Ù WE MUST ENDURE

Lesson 9 – Concluding Exhortations The Example Of Christ 12:1-3 Therefore, we must “…consider Jesus” v. 3 We compare what He did to how we face our challenges He endured, did not quit We must not “grow weary or fainthearted” cp. 10:36

Lesson 9 – Concluding Exhortations The Value Of Discipline 12:4-17 The Hebrew Christians had suffered, but not yet to bloodshed v. 4 cp. 10:32-33 They had also forgot an earlier admonition vv. 5-6 cp. Prov 3:11-12 God disciplines His children to show love, not to cause them to quit

Lesson 9 – Concluding Exhortations The Value Of Discipline 12:4-17 They had also forgot an earlier admonition vv. 5-6 cp. Prov 3:11-12 Discipline isn’t a sign of Divine disapproval Discipline reveals God’s care, establishes the Father-child relationship, and helps us develop our character cp. Jas 1:2-4

Lesson 9 – Concluding Exhortations The Value Of Discipline 12:4-17 Discipline from God has a purpose vv. 7-10 It makes our endurance possible v. 7 It legitimizes us as God’s children v. 8 It causes us to respect God as our Father v. 9 It allows us to share in His holiness v. 10

Lesson 9 – Concluding Exhortations The Value Of Discipline 12:4-17 Discipline may seem unpleasant, but it does yield the “fruit of righteousness” v. 11 The “fruit” of God’s discipline… vv. 12-17 We are “lifted” & “strengthened” v. 12 cp. Isa 35:3-4 It straightens our paths v. 13 cp. Prov 4:25-27

Lesson 9 – Concluding Exhortations The Value Of Discipline 12:4-17 The “fruit” of God’s discipline… vv. 12-17 We have peace with others…we are allowed to see the Lord v. 14 We obtain the “grace of God” v. 15 We avoid the pitfall into which Esau fell vv. 16-17 cp. Gen 25:29-34 Heb 6:4-6

Lesson 10 – Concluding Exhortations The “Two Mountains” 12:18-24 Mt. Sinai vv. 18-21 We have not come to such a terrifying place Israel did vv. 18-19 cp. Ex. 19 There, God “challenged” His people Ex 19:5-6 Access to God was limited v. 20 cp. 9:6-9 It is different with us today cp. 4:14-16 10:19-20

Lesson 10 – Concluding Exhortations The “Two Mountains” 12:18-24 Mt. Zion vv. 22-24 We have come to… …the city of the living God v. 22 …myriads of angels v. 22 …general assembly & church of firstborn enrolled v. 23

Lesson 10 – Concluding Exhortations The “Two Mountains” 12:18-24 Mt. Zion vv. 22-24 We have come to… …God, the Judge of all v. 23 …spirits of righteous men made perfect v. 23 …Jesus, our Mediator v. 24 …sprinkled blood that speaks better v. 24

Lesson 10 – Concluding Exhortations The “Two Mountains” 12:18-24 Mt. Zion vv. 22-24 It is the city built by God for which we yearn cp. 11:10 Jn 5:3-4 Heb 11:14 13:14 Numberless angelic servants await cp. 1:14 Those enrolled in the “Lamb’s Book” are there cp. Phil 4:3 Rev 3:5

Lesson 10 – Concluding Exhortations The “Two Mountains” 12:18-24 Mt. Zion vv. 22-24 Departed faithful saints await cp. 11:13, 39-40 1 Thess 4:13 Rev 14:13 Our Mediator & His blood await cp. 1 Tim 2:5 Blood declaring mercy & pardon, not crying out for vengeance cp. Gen 4:10 Mt 26:28

Lesson 10 – Concluding Exhortations The N.T. Kingdom’s Stability 12:25-29 As a result, saints must not “refuse Him who speaks” v. 25 Moses warned from earth…Jesus warns from heaven cp. 1:2 As Israel could not escape Moses’ words, we will not escape Jesus’ words cp. 2:1-3

Lesson 10 – Concluding Exhortations The N.T. Kingdom’s Stability 12:25-29 God shook the earth at Mt. Sinai vv. 26-27 “Yet once more” He will shake heaven & earth Quotation from Hag 2:6 The created will be shaken, removed so that which cannot be shaken (the N.T. kingdom) may remain cp. Dan 2:44 Mt 24:35 Lk 1:33

Lesson 10 – Concluding Exhortations The N.T. Kingdom’s Stability 12:25-29 Therefore, saints today need to show their gratitude for the Lord’s kingdom v. 28 We are motivated to “offer to God acceptable service, with reverence & awe” v. 29 We show our gratefulness & faithfulness by enduring, not falling away

Lesson 11 – Concluding Exhortations Admonitions & Benediction 13:1-25 Saints & Physical Relationships vv. 1-6 We must let “brotherly love continue” v. 1 It existed among these brethren cp. 6:10 10:33-34 We must not “neglect to show hospitality” v. 2 Especially to strangers Some had entertained angels cp. Gen 18 & 19

Lesson 11 – Concluding Exhortations Admonitions & Benediction 13:1-25 Saints & Physical Relationships vv. 1-6 We must let “brotherly love continue” v. 1 It existed among these brethren cp. 6:10 10:33-34 We must not “neglect to show hospitality” v. 2 God expects N.T. saints to practice this regularly cp. Rom 12:13 1 Pet 4:9 1 Tim 3:2 3 Jn 5-8

Lesson 11 – Concluding Exhortations Admonitions & Benediction 13:1-25 Saints & Physical Relationships vv. 1-6 We must remember the needy v. 3 Those in prison cp. Mt 25:34-40, 41-45 Those who are mistreated cp. Lk 10:25-37 We must hold marriage “in honor” v. 4 Especially relevant in promiscuous societies

Lesson 11 – Concluding Exhortations Admonitions & Benediction 13:1-25 Saints & Physical Relationships vv. 1-6 We must learn “contentment” vv. 5-6 We must be “free from the love of money” cp. Phil 4:10-13 1 Tim 6:6-10, 17 Prov 23:4-5 Tragedies result when we love wealth Lk 12:13-21 God reassures us He won’t abandon us v. 5b-6

Lesson 11 – Concluding Exhortations Admonitions & Benediction 13:1-25 Saints & Spiritual Relationships vv. 7-17 We must “remember those who led us” v. 7 We consider their faith…emulate them cp. 11:4 We must remember Jesus’ “constancy” v. 8 His faithfulness is what supports all our spiritual relationships, gives them meaning

Lesson 11 – Concluding Exhortations Admonitions & Benediction 13:1-25 Saints & Spiritual Relationships vv. 7-17 We must not be led away by false doctrine v. 9 These Jewish saints were troubled over doctrines re: food cp. Col 2:16-17 1 Cor 8:8 Rom 14:17 Such teachings won’t benefit those who are devoted to them…only God’s grace benefits us

Lesson 11 – Concluding Exhortations Admonitions & Benediction 13:1-25 Saints & Spiritual Relationships vv. 7-17 We must worship at our altar, “going outside the camp” to Jesus vv. 10-16 Our “altar” = Jesus’ sacrifice Those who cling to the Law have no part at this altar O.T. sacrifices were “burned outside the camp” v. 11 cp. Lev 16:27

Lesson 11 – Concluding Exhortations Admonitions & Benediction 13:1-25 Saints & Spiritual Relationships vv. 7-17 We must worship at our altar, “going outside the camp” to Jesus vv. 10-16 Likewise, Jesus also suffered “outside the city” v. 12 cp. Jn 19:20 We must “go to Him” bearing reproach vv. 13-14 cp. Mt 10:34-39 Heb 11:24-26

Lesson 11 – Concluding Exhortations Admonitions & Benediction 13:1-25 Saints & Spiritual Relationships vv. 7-17 We must worship at our altar, “going outside the camp” to Jesus vv. 10-16 At our altar, we “sacrifice” to God… …the fruit of our lips, praise to Him v. 15 cp. 10:25 …the service to the needs of others v. 16 cp. 6:10

Lesson 11 – Concluding Exhortations Admonitions & Benediction 13:1-25 Saints & Spiritual Relationships vv. 7-17 We gladly submit to our elders v. 17 Their work is weighty…they “watch for our souls” We should “esteem them highly” 1 Thess 5:12-13 To make their task unpleasant, cause them grief “would be unprofitable for us”

Lesson 11 – Concluding Exhortations Admonitions & Benediction 13:1-25 Benediction & Final Greetings vv. 18-25 The author requests that these Hebrew saints pray for him v. 18 Especially he desired this “…that I may be restored to you the sooner” v. 19 Obviously, he had been with them previously

Lesson 11 – Concluding Exhortations Admonitions & Benediction 13:1-25 Benediction & Final Greetings vv. 18-25 The author’s final exhortation v. 20 God is the “God of peace” He has “raised Jesus from the dead” He has established Him as “the great Shepherd” He has applied “the blood of the eternal covenant”

Lesson 11 – Concluding Exhortations Admonitions & Benediction 13:1-25 Benediction & Final Greetings vv. 18-25 As a result of God’s actions, He has “made us complete” or “equipped us” for every good work v. 21 He still “works in us that which is pleasing” to Him We should “bear with such exhortations” v. 22

Lesson 11 – Concluding Exhortations Admonitions & Benediction 13:1-25 Benediction & Final Greetings vv. 18-25 Timothy had been released v. 23 The author hoped to come to these Hebrew saints with Timothy shortly The author sent greetings to the leaders, and “those from Italy” also sent greetings v. 24