Introduction to Animal Science Part I All breed photos: http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/breeds/

Terms Male that has not been castrated Cattle: bull Swine: Boar Chicken: Rooster Turkey: Tom

Terms Male castrated when young Male castrated after reaching maturity Cattle: steer Swine: Barrow Poultry: Capon Male castrated after reaching maturity Cattle/swine: stag

Terms Young female that has not given birth Cattle: Heifer Swine: Gilt Older female that has given birth Cattle: Cow Swine: Sow

Terms Baby Cattle: Calf Swine: Pig Older poultry females are hens and younger female chickens are pullets

Beef Cattle Breeds Angus- black, polled, origin is Scotland, most registered breed, and high carcass quality Hereford- red with white face, horns, origin is England, docile, good foragers

Angus

Hereford

Beef Cattle Breeds Charolais- white to light straw color, horns, origin is France, large Brahman- light gray to black or red, origin is India, hump, loose dewlap, resistant to insects and tolerant to heat Others include: Shorthorn, Polled Herefords, Chianina, Gelbvieh, Limousin, Texas Longhorn

Charolais

Brahman

Others

Swine Breeds American Landrace- white, long body, big loped forward ears, large litters, mothering ability, originated in Denmark Duroc- red, drooped ears, growth rate and feed conversion

American Landrace

Duroc

Swine Breeds Hampshire- black with white belt, erect ears, muscle and carcass leanness Yorkshire- white, erect ears, large litters, feed efficiency, growth, mothering ability, long carcasses Others include: Poland China, Spotted Swine, Tamworth, Berkshire, Chester White

Hampshire

Yorkshire

Others

Chicken and Turkey Breeds White Leghorns- white, lay white eggs- chickens Plymouth Rock- white, broilers- chickens Common Cross for Broilers- Plymouth Rock (female liner) x Cornish (male liner)

White Leghorns

Plymouth Rock

Chicken and Turkey Breeds Rhode Island Red- red, lay brown eggs- chickens Broadbreasted Bronze Turkey- black Broadbreasted Large White Turkeys Beltsville Small White Turkeys

Rhode Island Red

Broadbreasted Bronze Turkey

Broadbreasted Large White Turkeys

Breeds Most commercial livestock and poultry producers use crosses of more than one breed or selected strains of a breed

Cattle Parts Use a figure or diagram to learn external parts Emphasis on parts used to select or evaluate cattle such as the rump, round, loin, shoulder, brisket, switch, poll, flank, hock, ribs, heart girth, and pin bones

Cattle Parts

Swine Parts Use a figure or diagram to learn external parts Emphasis on parts used to select or evaluate swine such as the ham, loin, shoulder, rump, belly, jowl, pastern, side, and hock

Swine Parts

Poultry Parts Use a figure or diagram to learn external parts Emphasis on parts used to select, cull, or evaluate poultry such as the comb, wattles, beak, eye ring, ear lobe, vent, hock, shank, toes, breast, back, abdomen, and body

Poultry Parts

External parts Anatomy is the science of body structure or parts of an animal An animal’s skin is modified to make horns, hooves, feathers, fur, wool, or hair Visual observations used to select breeding cattle or swine include conformation, breed character, structural soundness of feet and legs, and body capacity

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