LID BMPs Presented by: The Low Impact Development Center, Inc. A non-profit water resources and sustainable design organization

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The purpose of this presentation is to describe the Best Management Practices (BMPs) commonly used in Low Impact Development. At the end of this presentation, you will be able to: Describe the most commonly used LID BMPs Explain what design variations exist and how they can be deployed. Purpose and Learning Objectives

Treatment Train: BMP Hierarchy Source controls Conveyance controls End of pipe controls LID is Part of the Watershed Toolbox!

Structural and Non-structural Vegetation Hardscape Proprietary Buffers Amendments Bioretention Permeable pavements Rainwater harvesting Green roofs Proprietary systems Classification and Examples

Importance of Buffers Reduce nutrients Reduce thermal impacts Provide habitat Protect wetland hydrology Bay guidance ~ 100 ft., MA and CT: sliding scale 50 to 200 ft.

Types/Definitions Reforestation: Replacement Aforestation: Establishment Riparian Buffers: Corridors for filtering/uptake/thermal/disconnection **Some States, such as Maryland, have strict forest conservation and stream buffer regulations that effect SWM and other construction

Compost amendments and filter soxx Runoff, Nutrient, and Sediment Reduction Goals! Recycling Aesthetics

Bioretention

Rain Garden Bioretention in a Box

Bioswale Bioretention Trench

Bioswales

Pollutant Removal Mechanisms Chemical Electrostatic / ion exchange within Humic / clays / silts Biological phytoremediation Bioremediation Storing and cycling nutrients Physical Sedimentation Filtration Adsorption Precipitation

Permeable Surfaces

High Return on Investment Permeable Block Pavers Permeable Concrete Asphalt Friction Course (permeable not allowed)

Permeable Paver H and H Objectives Full exfiltration Partial exfiltration – an infiltration & detention facility No exfiltration – detention only; Impermeable liner

Partial Base Exfiltration

Ready Mix Concrete Research & Education Foundation

Rainwater Harvesting

Rainwater Harvesting Systems: Components to Maintain Collection First Flush/Treatment Storage Overflow Pump & Pressure Tank Conveyance/End Use

NRDC – Santa Monica, CA Cisterns at NRDC Santa Monica Office Cisterns installed beneath planting beds. Collected rainwater is added to greywater collection system and used for toilet flushing and irrigation. Building uses duel-flush toilets, waterless urinals, and drought-tolerant plants. 60% reduction in potable water demand.

Construction Cost Elements Rainwater Harvesting Rain barrels cost $100-$300 Cisterns cost several hundred to several thousand dollars  Components include: Storage tank Downspout flow diverter Pre-tank filtration Post-tank treatment (if needed) Distribution system (e.g., spigot and hoses, plumbing) Costs can vary significantly depending upon storage size, tank material, and location (above or below ground)

Green Roofs

Green Roof Layers Waterproofing membrane Root barrier (if the waterproofing is not certified as root resistant) Drainage layer Separation layer Growth media layer Plants Courtesy: Roofscapes

Green Roof Benefits: Rainwater capture Energy savings Extended membrane life

Green Roof Construction Cost Elements Costs range from $15-$20/sf based on the inclusion of: Growing medium Plants Drainage layer Insulation layer Root barrier Waterproof membrane Leak detention layer (optional) Costs can increase because of equipment, material availability and scheduling

Slide courtesy of the Center for Neighborhood Technology The temperature above Chicago’s City Hall green roof averages °F lower than the black tar roof. Difference can be 50°F or greater during the summer. Energy savings of $3,600 per year. Urban Heat Island

Source: Green Roofs for Healthy Cities Ford Motor Company Rouge River Manufacturing Complex – Dearborn, MI

Pilot Study: Modular Tray System System Characteristics: Flexibility Size of system Placement configuration Ease of installation Coarse stone ballast Retrofit designs Use existing drains Specialized outlet designs Detention time and Flow rate Minimize clogging Coarse Stone Ballast (expanded shale) Orifice Outlet Controls

Demonstration: Retrofit Hydraulic Structure Design System Characteristics: Ease of installation o Retrofit designs o Storage on roof surface o Use existing drains Outlet Design: o V-notch weir Control flow rates Temporary storage o Grated weir cover Intercept debris Minimize clogging Reduce maintenance Existing Roof Drain V-Notch Weir Plates Grated Weir Cover

Engine House #3: Design

Connectivity Dashboard

Task Specific User Dashboards - Research

Proprietary Devices Reproduce or enhance LID functions May require separate installation and maintenance contracts

Annapolis Replace non-functioning oil-water separator Enhanced landscaping Trap sediments Stewardship

Alumni Hall

Solomons parking lot and RV park

Construction of infiltration trenches

Proposed Carderock Roadway Retrofit Existing Inlet

Discussion Reduction of impervious areas Ability to receive regulatory credit for retrofits BMP standard and specifications compliance Traffic control / installation enhancement

Ft. Bragg LID Retrofit

Source: Army: Public Works Technical Bulletin

Discussion Designs do not have to be complicated Field adjustments Materials availability

Bioretention cell retrofits Bioretention strip in parking lot median Permeable paver cells Street tree filters Roof leader disconnect Rain barrels LID Features Constructed Washington Navy Yard

Construction WNY special design requirements National Priority List facility HDPE liners Perforated pipe under drains Bioretention cells - overflow weirs Native, drought and flood resistant plantings

Willard Park Bioretention The Willard Park parking area was retrofitted during the storm sewer system rehab project using bioretention as the main storm water LID technique

Willard Park Bioretention Strip Liner Installation

Willard Park Bioretention Strip Under drain and soil installation

Willard Park Bioretention Strip

Willard Park Bioretention Cell Under Construction Overflow Weir to Storm Sewer Native Plantings Mulch Layer Bioretention Soil Mix Geotextile Gravel Layer Perforated Underdrain Impermeable Liner

Willard Park Bioretention Cell Completed Rain Barrel

Museum Bioretention Cells

Disconnect Roof Leaders to Bioretention Potential Green Roof

Building 166 Parking Lot Retrofit

B-166 Bioretention (Prior to Plantings) Sli de 70

B-166 Permeable Paver Installation Gravel Chips Unistone Pavers Gravel Chips Gravel Layer Perforated Underdrain Impermeable Liner

B-166 Parking Lot Completed

Curb Inlet Tree Box

Compost Hardscape Applications Dry Dock Scuppers Boat Wash: Metals

Navy San Diego Mesa Lodge

BEQ Swale

BEQ Vegetated / Rock Filter

Mesa Lodge Perimeter Vegetation

Thank you for your time. QUESTIONS? Low Impact Development Center, Inc