Click to edit Master subtitle style CHROMOSOMES

Click to edit the outline text format Second Outline Level  Third Outline Level Fourth Outline Level  Fifth Outline Level  Sixth Outline Level  Seventh Outline Level  Eighth Outline Level  Ninth Outline LevelClick to edit Master text styles Second level  Third level  Fourth level » Fifth level The packaging for our genes Genes are the instructions used to make functional products Proteins are the basic component of all living cells CHROMOSOMES What are they?

Click to edit the outline text format Second Outline Level  Third Outline Level Fourth Outline Level  Fifth Outline Level  Sixth Outline Level  Seventh Outline Level  Eighth Outline Level  Ninth Outline LevelClick to edit Master text styles Second level  Third level  Fourth level » Fifth level In every cell of our body, except for red blood cells CHROMOSOMES Where are they?

Click to edit the outline text format Second Outline Level  Third Outline Level Fourth Outline Level  Fifth Outline Level  Sixth Outline Level  Seventh Outline Level  Eighth Outline Level  Ninth Outline LevelClick to edit Master text styles Second level  Third level  Fourth level » Fifth level Can see chromosomes under microscope during cell division CHROMOSOMES What do they look like?

CHROMOSOMES What do they look like? p arm “petit” q arm centromere telomere chromosome region “3p21”

Click to edit the outline text format Second Outline Level  Third Outline Level Fourth Outline Level  Fifth Outline Level  Sixth Outline Level  Seventh Outline Level  Eighth Outline Level  Ninth Outline LevelClick to edit Master text styles Second level  Third level  Fourth level » Fifth level 46 chromosomes 22 pairs of autosomes 1 pair sex chromosomes HUMAN KARYOTYPE

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Click to edit the outline text format Second Outline Level  Third Outline Level Fourth Outline Level  Fifth Outline Level  Sixth Outline Level  Seventh Outline Level  Eighth Outline Level  Ninth Outline LevelClick to edit Master text styles Second level  Third level  Fourth level » Fifth level Fruit Fly8 Peas14 Goldfish94 Dogs78 Humans46 CHROMOSOMES How many chromosomes do other organisms have?

MITOSIS

MEIOSIS

CHROMOSOME DIFFERENCES

 Down syndrome  Cri du Chat syndrome  Williams syndrome CHROMOSOMES What are some disorders that are caused by chromosomal imbalances?

DOWN SYNDROME Photo provided by CDSS

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Click to edit the outline text format Second Outline Level  Third Outline Level Fourth Outline Level  Fifth Outline Level  Sixth Outline Level  Seventh Outline Level  Eighth Outline Level  Ninth Outline LevelClick to edit Master text styles Second level  Third level  Fourth level » Fifth level MEIOSIS AGAIN... trisomy Normal MeiosisAbnormal Meiosis: Non- disjunction

Click to edit the outline text format Second Outline Level  Third Outline Level Fourth Outline Level  Fifth Outline Level  Sixth Outline Level  Seventh Outline Level  Eighth Outline Level  Ninth Outline LevelClick to edit Master text styles Second level  Third level  Fourth level » Fifth level CRI-DU-CHAT SYNDROME Photos provided by

DELETION

TRANSLOCATION Reciprocal

46,XX,t(2;17)(q21.3;q25.2) TRANSLOCATION Reciprocal

45,XX,der(13q;14q) * * TRANSLOCATION Robertsonian

Click to edit the outline text format Second Outline Level  Third Outline Level Fourth Outline Level  Fifth Outline Level  Sixth Outline Level  Seventh Outline Level  Eighth Outline Level  Ninth Outline LevelClick to edit Master text styles Second level  Third level  Fourth level » Fifth level  Microdeletion of chromosome 7q11  “cocktail party” personality  Moderate to severe learning problems WILLIAMS SYNDROME

A man carries a 21q21q Robertsonian translocation. What is the chance that he will have a baby without a chromosome problem? QUESTION??