Music History An Abbreviated History of Western Classical Music An Abbreviated History of Western Classical Music

The Romantic Period  Nationalism  Liberalism  Emotionalism  Nationalism  Liberalism  Emotionalism The Romantic Period was a time of “isms:”

The Romantic Period Significant Events:  American Civil War  Invention of the telephone, telegraph, photograph, railway, steamboat  Rise of capitalism and socialism Significant Events:  American Civil War  Invention of the telephone, telegraph, photograph, railway, steamboat  Rise of capitalism and socialism

The Romantic Period Achievements in science:  Louis Pasteur  Pasteurization process  Samuel F. B. Morse  Morse Code  Charles Darwin  Theory of evolution  Thomas A. Edison  Invented light bulb, telegraph, phonograph, microphone, etc.) Achievements in science:  Louis Pasteur  Pasteurization process  Samuel F. B. Morse  Morse Code  Charles Darwin  Theory of evolution  Thomas A. Edison  Invented light bulb, telegraph, phonograph, microphone, etc.)

The Romantic Period Achievements in literature:  Leo Tolstoy (War and Peace)  Herman Melville (Moby Dick)  Mark Twain (Huckleberry Finn, Tom Sawyer)  Charles Dickens (Oliver Twist, A Tale of Two Cities, A Christmas Carol) Achievements in literature:  Leo Tolstoy (War and Peace)  Herman Melville (Moby Dick)  Mark Twain (Huckleberry Finn, Tom Sawyer)  Charles Dickens (Oliver Twist, A Tale of Two Cities, A Christmas Carol)

Musical Characteristics  Very expressive, emotional, tense, moody  Melody, harmony, and rhythm explored to their fullest yet  Greater interest (by composers) in wind instruments  Emphasis on the virtuoso performer  Nationalism  Composers incorporated native folk songs and styles into their music  Program music  Russia was the leader of this movement  Very expressive, emotional, tense, moody  Melody, harmony, and rhythm explored to their fullest yet  Greater interest (by composers) in wind instruments  Emphasis on the virtuoso performer  Nationalism  Composers incorporated native folk songs and styles into their music  Program music  Russia was the leader of this movement

Important Instruments  Trombone and tuba first used in the symphony orchestra  Valves added to trumpets and French horns  Metal keys added to all woodwinds  Saxophone invented in 1840 by Adolfe Sax  Improvements made to the piano  Steel frame  Thicker strings  Pedal mechanism improved  Trombone and tuba first used in the symphony orchestra  Valves added to trumpets and French horns  Metal keys added to all woodwinds  Saxophone invented in 1840 by Adolfe Sax  Improvements made to the piano  Steel frame  Thicker strings  Pedal mechanism improved

Instrumental Musical Forms  Romantic Symphony  Longer, additional movements  Program symphony  Depicts scenes in nature or tells a story  Tone Poem  One long movement  Programmatic (tells a story through music)  Concert Overture  Grew out the popularity of opera overtures  Romantic Symphony  Longer, additional movements  Program symphony  Depicts scenes in nature or tells a story  Tone Poem  One long movement  Programmatic (tells a story through music)  Concert Overture  Grew out the popularity of opera overtures

Symphony No. 6, op. 68 “Pastoral” By Ludwig van Beethoven ( ) Symphony No. 6, op. 68 “Pastoral” By Ludwig van Beethoven ( )

Beethoven’s Pastoral Symphony Sonata Form - expanded to five movements I. Awakening of joyous feelings upon arrival in the country. Allegro ma non troppo II. By the brook. Andante molto mosso III. Happy gathering of country folk. Allegro IV. Thunderstorm; Storm. Allegro V. Shepherd's song; cheerful and thankful feelings after the storm. Allegretto Sonata Form - expanded to five movements I. Awakening of joyous feelings upon arrival in the country. Allegro ma non troppo II. By the brook. Andante molto mosso III. Happy gathering of country folk. Allegro IV. Thunderstorm; Storm. Allegro V. Shepherd's song; cheerful and thankful feelings after the storm. Allegretto

Symphony No. 9, op. 125 “Choral” By Ludwig van Beethoven ( ) Symphony No. 9, op. 125 “Choral” By Ludwig van Beethoven ( )

Beethoven’s Ninth Symphony The symphony is in four movements, marked as follows: 1.Allegro ma non troppo, un poco maestoso 2.Molto vivace 3.Adagio molto e cantabile 4.Presto/recitative - Allegro ma non troppo/recitative - Vivace/recitative - Adagio cantabile/recitative - Allegro assai/recitative - Presto/recitative: "O Freunde" - Allegro assai: "Freude, sch ö ner G ö tterfunken" - Alla marcia - Allegro assai vivace: "Froh, wie seine Sonnen" - Andante maestoso: "Seid umschlungen, Millionen!" - Adagio ma non troppo, ma divoto: "Ihr, st ü rzt nieder" - Allegro energico, sempre ben marcato: "Freude, sch ö ner G ö tterfunken" / "Seid umschlungen, Millionen!" - Allegro ma non tanto: "Freude, Tochter aus Elysium!" - Prestissimo: "Seid umschlungen, Millionen!" The symphony is in four movements, marked as follows: 1.Allegro ma non troppo, un poco maestoso 2.Molto vivace 3.Adagio molto e cantabile 4.Presto/recitative - Allegro ma non troppo/recitative - Vivace/recitative - Adagio cantabile/recitative - Allegro assai/recitative - Presto/recitative: "O Freunde" - Allegro assai: "Freude, sch ö ner G ö tterfunken" - Alla marcia - Allegro assai vivace: "Froh, wie seine Sonnen" - Andante maestoso: "Seid umschlungen, Millionen!" - Adagio ma non troppo, ma divoto: "Ihr, st ü rzt nieder" - Allegro energico, sempre ben marcato: "Freude, sch ö ner G ö tterfunken" / "Seid umschlungen, Millionen!" - Allegro ma non tanto: "Freude, Tochter aus Elysium!" - Prestissimo: "Seid umschlungen, Millionen!"

Symphonie Fantastique By Hector Berlioz ( ) Symphonie Fantastique By Hector Berlioz ( )

Symphony Fantastique The symphony is a piece of program music which tells the story of "an artist gifted with a lively imagination" who has "poisoned himself with opium" in the "depths of despair" because of "hopeless love." There are five movements, which was unconventional for a symphony at the time: 1.Rêveries - Passions (Dreams - Passions) 2.Un bal (A Ball) 3.Scène aux champs (Scene at the Country) 4.Marche au supplice (March to the Scaffold) 5.Songe d'une nuit de sabbat (Dream of a Witches' Sabbath) The symphony is a piece of program music which tells the story of "an artist gifted with a lively imagination" who has "poisoned himself with opium" in the "depths of despair" because of "hopeless love." There are five movements, which was unconventional for a symphony at the time: 1.Rêveries - Passions (Dreams - Passions) 2.Un bal (A Ball) 3.Scène aux champs (Scene at the Country) 4.Marche au supplice (March to the Scaffold) 5.Songe d'une nuit de sabbat (Dream of a Witches' Sabbath)

Barber of Seville Overture William tell Overture By Gioacchino Antonio Rossini ( ) Barber of Seville Overture William tell Overture By Gioacchino Antonio Rossini ( )

The Nutcracker By Peter Tchaikovsky ( ) The Nutcracker By Peter Tchaikovsky ( )

Morning and In the Hall of the Mountain King From Peer Gynt By Edvard Grieg ( ) Morning and In the Hall of the Mountain King From Peer Gynt By Edvard Grieg ( ) Norway’s greatest composer

German Opera Richard Wagner (ree-card vahgner) Richard Wagner (ree-card vahgner) The Ring of the Nibelungen  Das Rheingold  Die Walk ü re  Siegfried  G ö tterd ä mmerung

Wagner’s Ring  Composed from 1848 to 1874 and produced theatrically for the first time in 1876, The Ring represents major turning points in the history of opera, as well as in orchestral music, the art of singing and the production of operas.  Use of the leit motif  Comparisons to modern films  Composed from 1848 to 1874 and produced theatrically for the first time in 1876, The Ring represents major turning points in the history of opera, as well as in orchestral music, the art of singing and the production of operas.  Use of the leit motif  Comparisons to modern films

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