LASER BASED SENSOR FOR DETECTION OF TRACE GASES IN THE ENVIRONMENT M. A. Gondal, I. A. Bakhtiari and Z. H. Yamani Laser Research Laboratory & Physics.

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Presentation transcript:

LASER BASED SENSOR FOR DETECTION OF TRACE GASES IN THE ENVIRONMENT M. A. Gondal, I. A. Bakhtiari and Z. H. Yamani Laser Research Laboratory & Physics Department King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals Gondal Bakhtiari Me!!

Plan 1.Intro.: What is photoacoustic spectroscopy 2.Modifying the PA set up 3.Results for Ethylene 4.Future work 5.Conclusion

Conventional Spectroscopy  Principal:  Principal: Energy absorbed is determined by the difference (I o - I) / I o. Detector Sample Light Source IoIo I Introduction: What is photoacoustic spectroscopy

Photoacoustic Spectroscopy (PA)  Principal: Energy  Principal: Energy absorbed by the sample produces sound waves which are detected by sensitive microphone. The name PA is due to “Light Generated Sound”  Advantages: Sample may be gaseous, liquid, solid opaque, powdered. Highly sensitive. Light Source Chopper Sample Microphone

LASER RADIATION EXCITATION HEAT (VIBRATIONAL) (ELECTRONIC) EMISSION CHEM. REACTION RADIATION EXPANSION PHASE TRANSITION SOUND WAVES

vent Photoacoustic spectroscopy system using chopper for modulation

Modifying the PA set up

Stepping Motor P. Gauge Valve Vacuum Pump Power Meter Air Filter Valve Lens Tunable CO 2 laser Beam Splitter Photoacoustic cell Microphone Grating ` Spectrum Analyzer Newport micro stepping motor grating controller Variable Gain Low Noise Microphone Amplifier CO 2 Laser Modulator. Variable duty cycle (TTL)

Resonant Photoacoustic Cell developed at KFUPM R = 8 mm L = 160 mm It turns out that: 0,0,1 ~ 3400 Hz Don’t worry about higher resonance frequencies, because they are beyond microphone response limit

Noise level in PA cell, filled with pure nitrogen

Results for Ethylene cm -1 CH 2 stretch cm -1 CC stretch cm -1 CH 2 scissor cm -1 CH 2 twist cm -1 CH 2 stretch cm -1 CH 2 rock cm -1 CH 2 wag cm -1 CH 2 wag cm -1 CH 2 stretch cm -1 CH 2 rock cm -1 CH 2 stretch cm -1 CH 2 scissor Fundamental frequencies for Ethylene (C 2 H 4 ) Molecular weight amu Freezing point -169 C Boiling point -104 C Spectral distributon of CO 2 laser Spectral distribution of CO 2 lines Use the 10 P(14) of CO 2

300 ppbV of ethylene under 1000 mbar of nitrogen Mechanical (chopper) Modulation

Electronic Modulation 300 ppbV of ethylene under 1000 mbar of nitrogen

1- SABIC funded project on detection of ozone. 2- Improve sensitivity. 3- Go out to the field Future work This is how the lab looks when we are there!!! Domestically built CO 2 laser

1- The PA system is up and running with good dynamic range and sensitivity for the detection of C 2 H We have a plan for future work, including detection of ozone. 3- We are open for ideas and need your support (esp. graduate students). Conclusion KFUPM is gratefully acknowledged for supporting this work Thank you for your attention و السلام عليكم.. و رحمة الله و بركاته

Stepping Motor P. Gauge Valve Vacuum Pump Power Meter Air Filter Valve Lens Tunable CO 2 laser Beam Splitter Photoacoustic cell Microphone Grating ` Spectrum Analyzer Newport micro stepping motor grating controller Variable Gain Low Noise Microphone Amplifier CO 2 Laser Modulator. Variable duty cycle (TTL)