Forestry Science Day 2 Ms. Dombroski August

What is a Tree? A woody plant having one well- defined stem and a formal crown. Also, a tree usually attains a height of 8 feet.

Tree Parts What are the Three Main parts of a tree and What are Their Functions? 1. Crown: Manufactures food 2. Stem: Transports food, minerals, & water up and down the plant 3. Roots: Absorb water and minerals and transport them up through the stem to the crown.

Main Parts of a Tree

Stem Parts What are the parts of the stem and their functions? Heartwood: Dead wood located in the center of the stem. Provides strength to the tree. Phloem: Food conducting tissue Xylem: Supporting and water-conducting tissue

Stem Parts Cambium: An active layer of cells located between the xylem and phloem. Responsible for the annual growth of the tree. Sapwood: Newly formed wood between cambium and the heartwood Bark: Outer surface that protects the cambium, phloem, and xylem.

Growth Rings Springwood - Young, usually soft wood that lies directly beneath the bark and develops in early spring. Summerwood - produced during the latter part of the growing season and is harder and less porous than springwood. Division of Cambium = Rings

Tree Cookies! In groups of two you will need; –A handout and writing utensil –A tree cookie –5 pins –5 pieces of tape –You will be sharing, diameter tape and Biltmore sticks

Why do Annual Rings vary in Width? 1. Competition for necessities 2. The amount of supply 3. Human interruption – selective cutting 4. Natural Disasters - fires, insect damage, etc.

Tree Canopy What is the main function of the canopy?

What is the Process of Photosynthesis? The process whereby carbohydrates (sugars and starches) are manufactured in the leaves of green plants using water, carbon dioxide, and in the presence of sunlight. 6H2O + 6CO > C6H12O6+ 6O2

What's in the Tree Crown? Complete flower? Contains pistil, stamen, sepals and petals (monoecious) Incomplete flower? A flower that lacks a specific part; a pistil, stamen, sepals, or petals (dioecious) Monoecious flowers contain both the male and female reproductive parts. Dioecious flowers the male and female flower parts are produced on separate trees

Parts of the Flower

Flower Dissection Lab In groups of two you will need; –One handout, writing utensil –One flower –One tweezers –One blunt/sharp scissor –Microscope slide and cover slip –Several pins –Tape –One dissection tray

How do Trees Reproduce? 1. Seeds – Most trees reproduce by this method 2. Sprouts 3. Suckers

What about Seeds? PARTS 1. Seed coat - protection 2. Embryo – organism in early development 3. Stored food a. Endosperm: Nutritive tissue of flowering plants b. Cotyledons: first pair of leaves to emerge TYPES 1. Monocotyledon: Flowering plants (grasses, orchids, and lilies) having a single cotyledon in the seed. 2. Dicotyledon: A flowering plant with two embryonic seed leaves

Parts of the Seed

3 Main Types of Roots Tap - large and fleshy, grow deep, able to store food (necessary for perennial plants), mostly found in dicotyledons Fibrous - close to the surface collects precipitation, combine efforts with TAP to maximize efficiency, mostly found in monocotyledons Adventitious - help plants climb; ivies, modified underground stems; bulbs, common in both dicots and monocots

Tap: Fruit trees Fibrous: Trillium Adventitious: Lily of the Valley ANY EXAMPLES