Miscellaneous abnormalities Presented by Martin Reagon Debs Farr 2011

Electrolyte imbalances  Hyperkalaemia  Hypokalaemia  Hypocalcaemia  Hypercalcaemia

HyperKalaemia  Peaked T wave ( empire state building!)  P wave flattening  Prolonged PR  QRS widens  Increase in size of U wave

 T wave flattening  ST depression  Prolonged QT interval  U wave  Nb – Hypomagnesia can be identical!

Hypercalcemia  Malignant tumours  Excessive vitamin d  May be life threatening!!!!!!  ECG- Shortens QT interval

Digitalis Effect

Digitalis toxicity  ST depression  Characteristic sag

Hypothermia  Core body temperature of < 95 degrees  Prolongation of QRS  Bradycardia  Development of J wave Distinctive narrow positive wave the Osborn wave/J wave/J deflection/camel’s humpDistinctive narrow positive wave the Osborn wave/J wave/J deflection/camel’s hump Occurs at the junction of the QRS complex and ST segmentOccurs at the junction of the QRS complex and ST segment

Pulmonary Embolism   S1Q3T3 pattern a prominent S wave in lead I a Q wave and inverted T wave in lead III   sinus tachycardia   T wave inversion in leads V1 - V3   Right Bundle Branch Block   low amplitude deflections

. A 40 year old woman with pleuritic chest pain and breathlessness