SEHS Option D1: 2 – Water and electrolyte balance

Why is water essential to humans? (and all living things) Is a universal solvent (all metabolic reactions take place in water (cytoplasm, plasma) Helps regulate body temperature Enables the transport of substances essential for growth (primarily through the blood plasma) Allows for exchange of nutrients and metabolic end products

State where extracellular fluid can be located throughout the body

Compare water distribution in trained and untrained individuals Generally speaking: Trained people have a greater overall percentage of their make-up as water, vs the untrained. WHY? (THINK HYDROPHOBICALLY)

What is homeostasis? The monitoring of internal conditions (temp, pH, salinity, blood glucose, sodium…etc) and correcting via negative feedback mechanisms

Homeostasis & Water Balance Excretory system (Urinary System) fundamentals

The Kidney and Nephron (multicellular functional unit)

Nephron - Ultrastructure

How the nephron creates urine: general scheme

How blood is processed to make urine

How the nephron creates HYPERTONIC urine

The additional role of ADH in maintaining water balance in your blood

How would you as an athlete, or as a trainer – monitor your athletes hydration status? 1. Urine color

2. Urine osmolarity

3. Variation in body mass loss

Explain why endurance athletes require a greater water intake Do I have to?

Discuss the regulation of electrolyte balance during acute and chronic exercise Electrolyte - are minerals in the blood (and other body fluids) that carry an electric charge, such as sodium, potassium and calcium Acute exercise - an exercise that is short-lived. Are meant to be less strenuous exercises for a shorter amount of time. Ex. It could be half an hour on the cross trainer or a few minutes skipping. Chronic exercise - refers to continued exercise over a long period of time