Fuel Cells By: Rishab Pohane Pranav Subramanian Aayush Verma.

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Presentation transcript:

Fuel Cells By: Rishab Pohane Pranav Subramanian Aayush Verma

What is a fuel cell? ●“Electrochemical energy conversion device” ●Converts hydrogen and oxygen into electricity, heat, and water ●Similar to batteries, but never die o “Gas battery”

How does it work? ●Convert chemical energy into electrical energy ●Fuel cells combine the chemicals hydrogen and oxygen to generate electricity (water is also produced) ●The hydrogen is usually in the form of a fuel while the oxygen is taken from the air ●Use electrical energy to do mechanical work ●Provide DC voltage to electrical appliances

Different Types of Fuel Cells ●Depends on electrolyte that is used. ●Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) ●Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) ●Alkaline fuel cell (AFC) ●Phosphoric acid (PAFC) ●Molten carbonate (MCFC)

Different Types of Fuel Cells

Applications ●Best used where both heat and power are needed ●Provide electricity and drinking water for the astronauts ●Car engine Toyota MiraiMars Flyer

Advantages ●Clean energy (no pollution) ●Relatively simple maintenance o No moving parts ●Very long operating times ●Tolerant of varied temperatures ●Can be placed nearly anywhere ●Higher efficiency than oil or gasoline

Comparisons Car TypeChemical Energy => Electrical Energy (% efficient) Electrical Energy => Mechanical Work(% efficient) Other Operations (% efficient) Overall Efficiency (%) Pure Hydrogen Fuel Cell Gasoline Powered Battery Powered (can be 65)

Disadvantages ●Pure hydrogen works best but gas needs to be enriched ●Large size and weight ●Expensive ●Not very durable ●Hard to maintain hydration ●Infrastructure not available

Roadblocks ●Complex chemical process o Some fuel cells require the molecules traveling through the membrane to have full purity o Some fuel cells require pumps ●Energy company opposition ●Not economically viable yet o Not efficient enough to replace conventional methods of generating power

Expenses ●$55/kWh

Generating Cost ●$500B to create hydrogen infrastructure ●$4.50 per GGe from natural gas ●$6-11per GGe from renewable energy

Target Market ●Automobiles ●Factories ●Cities ●Space programs Fuel cell used by NASA’s Space Shuttle Orbiter

Future ●America’s oil dependence will continually increase ●Already 1 Billion spent on fuel cell research ●Fuel cell cost has dropped by 50 percent since 2006 ●7.2 M investment plan ● Fuel cell cars

Countries using Fuel Cells INTERNATIONAL PARTNERSHIP FOR THE HYDROGEN ECONOMY ●Australia ●Brazil ●Canada ●China ●European Commission ●France ●Germany ●India ●Italy ●Japan ●Korea ●New Zealand ●Norway ●Russian Federation ●Iceland ●United Kingdom ●United States

Payback Period ●3 years ●Relatively large initial cost ●Consumer price for electricity cut using fuel cells ●More power generated than fossil fuel plant

Why are fuel cells not common? ●Building fuel cells is not difficult BUT... ●Inexpensive ●Efficient ●Reliable ●.. that’s difficult

Fun Fact Elon Musk says cars running on fuel cells are “extremely silly”

Sources Cited ● ● ● ● clean-generation-and-short-payback.aspxhttp:// clean-generation-and-short-payback.aspx ● ●