Their Structures and Functions Cell Organelles Their Structures and Functions

Prokaryotic Bacteria Cell

Eukaryotic Plant Cell

Eukaryotic Animal Cell

Body Cell

Cell (Plasma) Membrane Structure - The lipid bilayer that forms the outer boundary of a cell Function(s) - Regulates movement of molecules into and out of cells; semipermeable Found In - Bacteria, Animal & Plant Cells

Structure - Gelatinous aqueous fluid that fills the cell Function(s) - Suspends the organelles within the cell - Fills the cell and gives it shape - Allows nutrients to move about the cell Found In - Bacteria, Animal & Plant Cells Cytosol (Cytoplasm – the cytosol and all the organelles within the cell)

Nucleus Structure - The most prominent organelle, surrounded by a double membrane perforated with pores Function(s) - Regulates all cell activities - Contains the DNA of the cell Found In - Animal and Plant Cells

Nucleolus Structure - Small circular structure(s) within nucleus Function(s) -Synthesis and partial assembly of ribosomes Found In - Animal and Plant Cells

Nucleus & Nucleolus

Nuclear Envelope Structure - Double membrane with pores surrounding the nucleus Function(s) - Regulates movement of molecules into and out of the nucleus Found In - Animal and Plant Cells

Chromatin (DNA) Structure - Fine strands of genetic information (DNA and protein); coils to form chromosomes Function(s) - Contains the code that directs most cell activities - DNA’s code is the instructions for making proteins Found In - Bacteria, Animal & Plant Cells

Mitochondria Structure - A peanut-shaped organelle which has a double membrane. The inner membrane has many folds. Function(s) – Performs cellular respiration; generates ATP (the energy the cell needs to run) Found In - Animal and Plant Cells

Mitochondria

Ribosomes Structure - Dot-like organelles attached to the rough ER or free in the cytosol Function(s) – Reads RNA to synthesize proteins Found In - Bacteria, Animal & Plant Cells

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Structure – a system of membranous tubes and sacs covered with dark dots (ribosomes) Function(s) - Makes alterations to proteins produced by ribosomes - Folds proteins into the correct shapes Found In - Animal and Plant Cells

Rough ER

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Structure - A system of membranous tubules and sacs Function(s) - helps move lipids, steroids, and fatty acids within the cell (intracellular highway); regulates calcium levels; breaks down toxic substances Found In - Animal and Plant Cells

Golgi Apparatus (Complex) Structure - A series of flattened sacs with a characteristic convex shape Function(s) – Processes and packages proteins and substances produced by cells; instructs the substances where to go Found In - Animal and Plant Cells

Lysosomes Structure - Small spherical organelles that enclose digesting enzymes within single membranes Function(s) - Digests molecules, old organelles, and foreign substances; recycling center Found In - Animal and Plant Cells Digesting enzymes

Cytoskeleton (microtubules and microfilaments ) Structure - A network of long protein strands located in the cytosol Function(s) - Provides internal shape and support to cells (microfilaments and microtubules) Found In - Animal and Plant Cells

Flagella and Cilia Structure - Flagella: Whip-like tail(s) extending from the surface of some cells - Cilia: Short hair-like organelles that extend from the surface of some cells Function(s) - Propel the cell through the environment - Move materials over the surface of the cell Flagella and Cilia Found In - Bacteria and Animal Cells

Flagella (more than 1 flagellum)

Centrioles Structure - Cylindrical bodies that appear during cell division Function(s) – Help move DNA during division in animal cells Found In - Animal cells only

Cell Wall Structure - A rigid covering that lies outside the cell membrane made of long chains of cellulose Function(s) - Provides external protection and support to plant cells Found In – Plants cells only (Bacteria can have a cell wall but it is biochemically different from plant cell walls)

Vacuole Structure - Fluid filled membranous sac Function(s) - Stores enzymes and wastes; cell’s warehouse Found In - Animal and Plant Cells (Can be very large in plants cells, but small in animal cells)

Plastid Structure - Organelles surrounded by two membranes and contain their own DNA Function(s) - Stores food or pigment Found In - Plant cells only

Chloroplast Structure - Oval organelle surrounded by a double membrane that encloses a system of flattened membranous sacs Function(s) – Contains chlorophyll and performs photosynthesis; a type of plastid. Found In - Plant cells only