CHAPTER 4 Moche (Mochica) c.e. Site, River Valley, Culture, Style and State Piura Valley (n) - Huarmey Valley (s) Warfare, sacrifice, royal portraits Pottery –Elite: Stirrup & Flaring bowls –Commoner: Neck and Neckless pottery, textiles, murals, mounds Naturalism Earthly and Spiritual realms

Sacrifice Ceremony, Moche, 2 nd – 9 th century Warrior Priest - Conical helmet, Crescent headdress Spotted Dog Goblet Guarea (Ulluchu) fruit Captive Fox, bird and feline warriors Litter: Special platform for elite

Panamarca Mural E, Moche, c.e., Nepena Valley, Peru Adobe Temples Sacrifice Ceremony Priestess and attendants

Huaca Del Sol, Moche, Valley de Moche, Peru, 2 nd – 9 th century “Pyramid of the Sun” North, Coastal 165’ Adobe Naturalistic 4 Levels Ramps Roof top structures Murals

Huaca Del Sol, Relief Sculpture

Incised makers marks, Huaca Del Sol Group Markings –Groups of brick masons –100+ communities –Hands, feet, dots, crosses –Accounting tools –Taxes 143 million bricks

Tomb of Lord Sipan, Moche, c.e. Tomb of Sipan Received goblet of Blood 451 pieces –gold, silver, turquoise, spondylus shell, cloth Pottery

Moche Jewelry (Ear Ornaments)

Moche Jewelry (Forehead, Nose & Body Ornament)

Moche Decapitator Warrior Symbol Human, fish, feline, spider, fish, scorpion Land, air, water Knife and head

Moche Peanut Necklace Gold/ Silver Duality Peanut: Death, afterlife (underground) 3 - 4” beads Ukhu

Huaca Cao Viejo, Moche Valley, Peru, c.e. Female Hierarchy La Senora de Cao Priestess “Masculine” symbols Arm tattoos: snakes/spiders

Huaca Cao Viejo (El Brujo) Murals

Moche Royal Ceramic Vessels Fewer textiles Thousands of pots 2-piece press mold –Clay pressed into mold –Uniformity Slip –Red, white Scorched black pigment Stirrup vessel most popular Functional Sites: –Galindo –Cerro Mayal High Heat Orange Women (Valdivia)

Moche Ceramic Portraits Moche style Chicama, Moche and Viru Valley Individuality Cut Lip –45 portraits Political decline disappears

Moche Portrait Vessel

Moche Spiritual Vessel

Moche Commoner Vessels

Chapter 5: TIWANAKU AND WARI Akapana Pyramid, Tiwanaku, 300 b.c.e c.e. Interconnected Empires (500 m. apart) Lake Titicaca (W. Bolivia) Moquegua Valley/ Atacama Desert Early Andean influence? Tiwanaku Architecture Akapana Organic 30, ,000 Dry/wet site Adobe or sod Taypikhala: stone in the center Lake Titicaca –Inca Chakana, San Pedro Cactus Llamas, pumas, condors Textiles

Akapana Pyramid, Tiwanaku Stone Types –Random range –Regular course ashlar –Flat faces –Metal casts

Bennett and Ponce Stele, Tiwanaku

Sungate, Tiwanaku Interior Courtyard Series of Doors Textile Covering Solid Stone Double Jambed door Cosmic Portal Tiwanaku Sungate Calendar Animation

Sun Gate, Tiwanaku Portal God / Puma Shaman –Female –Birdhead Arrows & Spear- thrower Feathered headdress (condor, San Pedro Cactus) Bird and Human Head Attendants

Wari Culture, c.e. Huari (Capital) Architecture –Geometric Textiles –Stepped diamonds, triangles –Cotton –Tie dyed –Mantles, tunics –Multiple colors

Wari Tapestry Tapestry (pile) –Tunics –6-9 m. thread –Puma & Condor –Abstract

Wari Textiles

Chapter 7: Inca Empire Walls of Fortress of Machu Picchu, Urubamba Valley, Peru, 1490 Southern Peru Tawantinsuyo –Land of the Four Quarters 1300 ce Lake Titicaca, Tiahuanaco Conquered Andes region Ecuador - Chile Cuzco Capital Urban complex Class system Inca - King (Sapa) Quipus - knotted cords, record keeping Viracocha - creator / sea foam Parcarinas - places of emergence Inta: sun Quilla: moon Power of stone Humans from stone Mummies for gods

Inca cloth, 1500

Sacsahuaman, Cuzco Carved stone Puzzle pieces Up to 100 tons Tripod lift or rolled

Machu Picchu / Huayna Pichu, Peru, 1500 Found 1911 Manly Peak & Little Peak Temple of the sun, Royal Palace, barracks, workers quarters, storehouse, baths Hide away City 50 miles away Ashlar Masonry

Temple of the Sun, Machu Picchu

Intihuatana stone

Brazil/Amazon Pottery, c.e. Marajo island Ananatubas (oldest potters) 15 finishing techniques –Washes, incising, polychrome, etc. Funerary purposes Urn