Biotechnology Vocabulary Review The Living Environment - NYS 2.2 – The student should be able to explain how the technology of genetic engineering allows humans to alter the genetic makeup of organisms PB 09 Remember to wait for the vocabulary word to pop up at the end! Can you guess it before it comes up?

Selective Breeding Method of improving a species by allowing only those individual organisms with desired characteristics to produce the next generation

Hybridization Breeding technique that involves crossing dissimilar individuals to bring together the best traits of both organisms

Inbreeding Continued breeding of individuals with similar characteristics

Polyploid Having many sets of chromosomes

Genetic Engineering The process of making changes in the DNA code of living organisms

Restriction Enzyme An enzyme that cuts DNA at a specific sequence of nucleotides

Gel Electrophoresis A procedure used to separate and analyze DNA fragments at one end of a porous gel and apply an electrical voltage to the gel

Recombinant DNA DNA produced by combining DNA from different sources

Polymerase Chain Reaction Technique that allows molecular biologists to make many copies of a particular gene

 For centuries, certain animals have been crossed to produce offspring that have desirable qualities. Dogs have been mated to produce Labradors, beagles, and poodles. All of these dogs look and behave very differently from one another. This technique of producing organisms with specific qualities is known as… Gene Replication Natural Selection Random Mutation Selective Breeding NYS Regents June 2008

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Which statement best explains the observation that clones produced from the same organism may not be identical? Which statement best explains the observation that clones produced from the same organism may not be identical? Events in meiosis result in variation NYS Regents June 2007 Gene expression can be influenced by the environment Differentiated cells have different genes Half the genetic information in offspring comes from each parent

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The flounder is a species of fish that can live in very cold water. The fish produces an ‘antifreeze’ protein that prevents ice crystals from forming in its blood. The DNA for this protein has been identified. An enzyme is used to cut and remove this section of flounder DNA that is then spliced into the DNA of strawberry plants. As a result, the plant can now produce a protein that makes it more resistant to the damaging effects of frost. This process is known as… The flounder is a species of fish that can live in very cold water. The fish produces an ‘antifreeze’ protein that prevents ice crystals from forming in its blood. The DNA for this protein has been identified. An enzyme is used to cut and remove this section of flounder DNA that is then spliced into the DNA of strawberry plants. As a result, the plant can now produce a protein that makes it more resistant to the damaging effects of frost. This process is known as… Sorting of Genes Genetic Engineering Recombination Of Chromosomes Mutation by deletion of genetic material NYS Regents June 2007

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How does altering the DNA of a peanut affect the proteins in peanuts that cause allergic reactions? How does altering the DNA of a peanut affect the proteins in peanuts that cause allergic reactions? The altered DNA is used to synthesize changed forms of these proteins. NYS Regents June 2007 The altered DNA leave the nucleus and becomes part of the allergy-producing protein. The altered DNA is the code for the antibodies against the allergens. The altered DNa is used as an enzyme to break down the allergens in peanuts.

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