Echinoderms. Goals of the lab: to introduce general characteristics of the phylum Echinodermata to understand the embryological differences between protostomes.

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Presentation transcript:

Echinoderms

Goals of the lab: to introduce general characteristics of the phylum Echinodermata to understand the embryological differences between protostomes and deuterostomes to observe initial stages of embryo development, using prepared slides of starfish embryos to examine external and internal features of the starfish, as a representative of the phylum Echinodermata Echinoderms

Phylum Echinodermata eumetazoan (true tissues) bilaterally symmetrical larvae; radially symmetrical adults eucoelomate deuterostome

Phylum Echinodermata Class Astroidae Class Ophiuroidae Class Echinoidae Class Holothuroidae Class Crinoidae Sea starsBrittle stars Crinoids Sea urchinsSea cucumbers

Phylum Echinodermata No circulatory system No respiratory system Excretion (N elimination) by diffusion Simple nervous system, no brain Water-vascular system

A Comparison of Early Development in Protostomes and Deuterostomes

Early Embryonic Development

Unfertilized egg Starfish Development 2 blastomeres After fertilization & 1st cleavage 4 blastomeres 2nd cleavage 8 blastomeres 3rd cleavage 16 blastomeres 4th cleavage 32 blastomeres 6th cleavag e, next slide 5th cleavage

Starfish Development (continued) 64 blastomeres Non-motile blastula Ciliated blastula * blastula is same size as unfertilized egg Gastrula: Beginning invagination blastopore Gastrula: During invagination Gastrula: Archenteron, no mesenchyme Next slide

Starfish Development (continued) Gastrula: Archenteron with mesenchyme Late gastrula: lateral view Early bipinnaria larva, lateral view Brachiolaria larvaYoung starfish Late bipinnaria larva, lateral view blastopore becomes anus 2nd opening becomes mouth

Sea urchin larvae: pluteus Starfish larvae: Bipinnaria Sea cucumber & Crinoid: doliolaria larvae Brittle star larvae: pluteus

Phylum Echinodermata Tube feet & associated plumbing Used for walking, clinging to substrate & holding food Water Vascular System

Starfish water vascular system

Class Echinoidea: sea urchins Echinometra mathaei Collector urchin Echinothrix calamaris

Class Echinoidea: sea urchins Diadema

Class Echinoidea: sea urchins Slate pencil urchin

Colobocentrotus atratus Class Echinoidea: sea urchins

Class Holothuroidea: Sea Cucumbers Holothuria atra Polyplectana kerfersteninii

Class Holothuroidea: Sea Cucumbers Pearlfish in seacucumber

Linckia sp. Class Asteroidea: Sea Stars Pin cushion

Class Asteroidea: Sea Stars starfish/acanthaster-planci/video-00.html

Class Ophiuroidea: Brittle Stars Ophiocoma erinaceus

Class Crinoidea: Feather Stars

Starfish Dissection: Schematic View

Starfish: Oral View MouthAmbulacral grooveSpines Tube feet

Starfish Dissection: Skeleton Removed: Aboral View Stone canalDigestive glandsGonadsPyloric stomach Cardiac stomach

Starfish Arm: Digestive Glands Removed Ambulacral PlatesAmpullaeCardiac Stomach Gonads

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