Paleoptera: Ephemeroptera and Odonata. III. Insect Classification Ectognatha Entognatha Pterygota Neoptera Endopterygota (complete metamorphosis) Poly-

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Aquatic Macro Invertebrates and Big River Journey

Advertisements

Lentic – standing water (no flow) Lotic – flowing water

Aquatic Organisms by LeAnne Yenny

Alderflies, dobsonflies, snakeflies, lacewings and antlions

Benthic Macroinvertebrates

is the practice and science of classification. Hierarchy of Classification: KPCOFGS K indgom P hylum C lass O rder F amily G enus S pecies “King Phillip.

Ephemeroptera - mayflies

Insects Chapter 10 Section 3. Body Structure three sixone one or two Arthropods with three body sections, six legs, one pair of antennae, and usually.

Pennsylvania Fresh Water Macroinvertebrates

Introduction to Insect Biology and Diversity, 3/e James B. Whitfield / Alexander H. Purcell III Copyright © 2012 by Oxford University Press, Inc. CHAPTER.

Aquatic Macroinvertebrates. What are Aquatic Macroinvertebrates? Macroinvertebrates are small organisms that do not have a backbone. A great diversity.

Some Orders of Insect Pests 511 Zoo

Intro to Odonata Dragonflies and damselflies Online key: /michodo/test/Home.htm 5,500 spp. world 650 NA.

Order Odonata Chapter 3. DRAGONFLIES AND DAMSELFLIES The name Odonata, derived from the Greek "odonto-", meaning tooth, refers to the strong teeth found.

Dragonflies and Damselflies.  Wings extend laterally while at rest Stout Body Elongate Membranous Wings Compound Eyes.

Ephemeroptera Characteristics Wing pads 1 claw on each leg (contrast with Plecoptera) 2-3 terminal segmented filaments (cerci) on abdomen Usually with.

Ch. 37 Insects Most diverse and largest number of species of any class of organism. They were present on earth before the dinosaurs, over 300 million.

“Whenever I hear of the capture of rare beetles, I feel like an old warhorse at the sound of a trumpet.” Charles Darwin.

 Metamorphosis the life cycle of a butterfly Click the butterfly to begin.

Wetland Ecology and Management.  Definition (PA Code, Chapter 93): ◦ Spend a “living portion of their life cycle” in an aquatic environment ◦ Can be.

Hemimetabola pt. 1 Ephemeroptera through Isoptera.

DICHOTOMOUS KEYS Based on dichotomies, you must choose one of two options By repeating this step, you can narrow down to more and more specific classifications.

EPHEMEROPTERA. Two theories of flight Entognatha Archaeognatha Zygentoma = Thysanura Ephemeroptera Odonata Plecoptera Embiodea Zoraptera Dermaptera Grylloblattodea.

Insect taxonomic diversity

IRAM IQBAL UOG SYSTEMATICS ORDERS Meaning: Iso = equal, ptera = wing Pronunciation: i-SOP-ter-a Common name(s): termites.

EPHEMEROPTERA Aquatic Nymphs, winged adults Larvae feed on aquatic plants and smaller invertabrates Adults feed on… nothing at all!!! Adults live only.

Stonefly nymphs eat dead plats and algae, they also feed on organic and vegetable matter found in the stream substrate, many species feast on leaves.

Dragonflies and Damselflies

Aquatic Insect Orders. Aquatic Insects Insects are largely terrestrial. But there have been numerous colonizations of the freshwater aquatic environment.

This is the basic anatomy of a dragonfly 1. The life cycle begins with a yellowish egg laid on a solid object in rivers, waterways or even plants.

This is the basic anatomy of a dragonfly 1. The life cycle begins with a yellowish egg laid on a solid object in rivers, waterways or even plants.

Stoneflies or Plecoptera Robert Ortiz Intro to Aquaculture 7/8/08.

Subphylum Mandibulata Class Myriapoda = chilopoda and diplopoda

Benthic macroinvertebrates They are ___________  even in the most _________ or  environmentally extreme lotic environments contain some ________________.

Mecoptera or Scorpion flies By Myles and Ayesha. Introduction This is a Power Point all about “Scorpion Flies” have a look through it and hope u like.

Volunteer-based Stream Monitoring- Aquatic Macroinvertebrates Paul Steen Watershed Ecologist Huron River Watershed Council.

Asma Noor ul Ain. Asma Noor ul Ain Presentation of systematics Topic: Subclss pterygota Order orthoptera Order odonata Order phasmida.

1- Order Thysanura Species: North America – 50 World – 700 Families: North America - 4 Thysanura: refers to bristletails. (thysan, bristle or fringe; ura,

Stretching the stream DRAGONFLY BY GAURAV NAVALKAR.

Phylum Arthropoda Class Insecta Order Odonata Dragonflies and Damselflies.

Fig. 7.2 Gullen & Cranston, 2005 A current hypothesis for the cladistic phylogeny of the insects and primitive hexapods “basal orders” (= “Apterygota”)

Fig. 7.2 Gullen & Cranston, 2005 A current hypothesis for the cladistic phylogeny of the insects and primitive hexapods “basal orders” (= “Apterygota”)

Review of orders of aquatic insects

Aquatic Ecosystems 1.Rivers & Streams 2.Ponds & Lakes 3.Wetlands 4.Shorelines 5.Temperate Oceans 6.Tropical Oceans.

AQUATIC INSECTS.

MACROINVERTEBRATE IDENTIFICATION

Overview of Freshwater Invertebrates of North America 10,000-15,000 species in temperate North America all major invertebrate phyla accept Echinodermata.

Dragonflies and Damselflies

General Pollution Tolerance

Order Plecoptera Chapter 4.

Ephemeroptera: Mayflies

Dragonflies and Damselflies

Insect Taxonomic Diversity

Insect taxonomic diversity

Plecoptera: Stoneflies “pleco” = folded

Paleoptera: Ephemeroptera and Odonata

Mesasternum (“belly”)

Orders of Aquatic Insects

MacroinverteWHATS? Macroinvertebrates!.

Aquatic Insect Identification and Review

ODONATA Ordinal Characteristics: (1) chewing mouthparts

Rupert et al. fig Collembola Thysanura Ephemeroptera Odonata

Aquatic Insect Self Test

Presentation transcript:

Paleoptera: Ephemeroptera and Odonata

III. Insect Classification Ectognatha Entognatha Pterygota Neoptera Endopterygota (complete metamorphosis) Poly- phyletic

Paleoptera I.Ephemeroptera: Mayflies A. Morphology - Most have two pairs of wings, with the hind wings greatly reduced in size in some groups (even absent). The wings are held upright; and the wings have many veins.

Paleoptera I.Ephemeroptera: Mayflies A. Morphology - The abdomen has 10 segments and is fairly long, with 2 caudal filaments (the cerci) or 3 (like larvae).

Paleoptera I.Ephemeroptera: Mayflies A. Morphology - The forelegs are often long, as well; particularly in the male where they can be as long as the body. In some families, pairs of legs may be vestigial.

Paleoptera I.Ephemeroptera: Mayflies A. Morphology B. Basic Biology - aquatic larvae – feed on algae and detritus - larvae have leaf-like gills on abdominal segments

Paleoptera I.Ephemeroptera: Mayflies A. Morphology B. Basic Biology - aquatic larvae – feed on algae and detritus - larvae have leaf-like gills on abdominal segments - larvae usually with three caudal appendages

Paleoptera I.Ephemeroptera: Mayflies A. Morphology B. Basic Biology - aquatic larvae – feed on algae and detritus - larvae have leaf-like gills on abdominal segments - larvae usually with three caudal appendages - larvae may take 1-2 years to develop, usually longer at higher latitudes

Paleoptera I.Ephemeroptera: Mayflies A. Morphology B. Basic Biology - molting occurs on surface of the water - subabult (subimago) flies to shoreline Subadult has hairs along wing margins

Paleoptera I.Ephemeroptera: Mayflies A. Morphology B. Basic Biology - molting occurs on surface of the water - subabult (subimago) flies to shoreline - mayflies are UNIQUE in that they are the only insects to molt once as winged adults; this usually occurs the next day, and it lives as a reproductive adult for 1-2 days at most.

Paleoptera I.Ephemeroptera: Mayflies A. Morphology B. Basic Biology - molting occurs on surface of the water - subabult (subimago) flies to shoreline - mayflies are UNIQUE in that they are the only insects to molt once as winged adults; this usually occurs the next day, and it lives as a reproductive adult for 1-2 days at most. - adults lack mouthparts and do not feed

Paleoptera I.Ephemeroptera: Mayflies A. Morphology B. Basic Biology - males of many species form swarms; females enter and pairs fly off; mating in flight with oviposition shortly thereafter

Paleoptera I.Ephemeroptera: Mayflies A. Morphology B. Basic Biology - males of many species form swarms; females enter and pairs fly off; mating in flight with oviposition shortly thereafter - swarms off the great lakes (Erie in particular were HUGE, but lake pollution has reduced their abundances) … bodies piled up to 1.2 m Illinois (1953) swarms

Paleoptera I.Ephemeroptera: Mayflies A. Morphology B. Basic Biology - eggs laid on surface of water

Paleoptera I.Ephemeroptera: Mayflies A. Morphology B. Basic Biology - Eaten by fish and terrestrial animals; important link in aquatic food chains

Paleoptera I.Ephemeroptera: Mayflies A. Morphology B. Basic Biology - Eaten by fish and terrestrial animals; important link in aquatic food chains - sensitive to pollutants (soft bodies?) – many are indicator taxa of clean water (EPT score = abundance and diversity of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera)

Paleoptera I.Ephemeroptera: Mayflies A. Morphology B. Basic Biology C. Major Families

Paleoptera I.Ephemeroptera: Mayflies A. Morphology B. Basic Biology C. Major Families 1. Baetidae (135 species): adults small (front wings 2-12 mm and elongate-oval) hind wings very small or absent, and the only family with small hind wings and only 2 caudal filaments. Eyes turbinate

Baetidae

Paleoptera I.Ephemeroptera: Mayflies A. Morphology B. Basic Biology C. Major Families 1. Baetidae: 2. Ephemerellidae 3. Heptageniidae (127): sprawling nymphs; flattened adults with 2 caudal filaments

Paleoptera I.Ephemeroptera: Mayflies A. Morphology B. Basic Biology C. Major Families 1. Baetidae: 2. Ephemerellidae 3. Heptageniidae 4. Leptophlebiidae (66): 3 caudal filaments Wing (4-14mm) have strongly bent Cu-P vein and no free veinlets Forked gills on larval abdomen

Paleoptera I.Ephemeroptera: Mayflies A. Morphology B. Basic Biology C. Major Families 1. Baetidae: 2. Ephemerellidae 3. Heptageniidae 4. Leptophlebiidae 5. Ephemeridae (13) medium to large (wings 10-25mm); larvae tusked

Hexagenia limbata 2006 hatch on radar

Paleoptera I.Ephemeroptera: Mayflies II.Odonata: Dragonflies A. Morphology All are fairly large and have 4 wings; in damselflies the wings are held over the back at rest, in dragonflies to the side.

Paleoptera I.Ephemeroptera: Mayflies II.Odonata: Dragonflies A. Morphology Small antennae, large eyes

Paleoptera I.Ephemeroptera: Mayflies II.Odonata: Dragonflies A. Morphology Prothorax small; thoracic segments tipped forward for grasping prey in flight

Paleoptera I.Ephemeroptera: Mayflies II.Odonata: Dragonflies A. Morphology Abdomen long; male cerci short and modified to grasp females behind pronotum.

Paleoptera I.Ephemeroptera: Mayflies II.Odonata: Dragonflies A. Morphology B. Basic Biology - Larvae predaceous; have jointed, ‘elbowed’ mentum

Paleoptera I.Ephemeroptera: Mayflies II.Odonata: Dragonflies A. Morphology B. Basic Biology - Larvae predaceous; have jointed, ‘elbowed’ mentum - External Gills in Zygoptera (Damsels), Anal Gills in Anisoptera (dragons)

Paleoptera I.Ephemeroptera: Mayflies II.Odonata: Dragonflies A. Morphology B. Basic Biology - Larvae predaceous; have jointed, ‘elbowed’ mentum - External Gills in Zygoptera (Damsels), Anal Gills in Anisoptera (dragons) - may live as larvae for 1 year, 2 years, or 10 years depending on species and latitude.

Paleoptera I.Ephemeroptera: Mayflies II.Odonata: Dragonflies A. Morphology B. Basic Biology - Larvae emerge from water; adults emerge from larval skin video

Paleoptera I.Ephemeroptera: Mayflies II.Odonata: Dragonflies A. Morphology B. Basic Biology - Larvae emerge from water; adults emerge from larval skin - “teneral” until wings harden

Paleoptera I.Ephemeroptera: Mayflies II.Odonata: Dragonflies A. Morphology B. Basic Biology Males have two sets of sex organs – one at end make sperm, that is transferred to the penis at front of abdomen

Paleoptera I.Ephemeroptera: Mayflies II.Odonata: Dragonflies A. Morphology B. Basic Biology males grasp females behind prothorax – “in tandem”

Paleoptera I.Ephemeroptera: Mayflies II.Odonata: Dragonflies A. Morphology B. Basic Biology female reaches up and under, contacting her genitalia with penis of male – “in wheel”

Paleoptera I.Ephemeroptera: Mayflies II.Odonata: Dragonflies A. Morphology B. Basic Biology female stores sperm in ‘spermatheca’ – last sperm in is used, so selection has favored mate guarding by males, who guard females until she lays her eggs; sometimes staying in tandem.

Paleoptera I.Ephemeroptera: Mayflies II.Odonata: Dragonflies A. Morphology B. Basic Biology C. Classification Suborder Zygoptera: Damselflies 1. Calopterygidae (8): Larvae with long antennae and long legs; Adults are largest damsels, and most have darkening in wing

C. Classification Suborder Zygoptera: Damselflies 1. Calopterygidae 2. Lestidae (18): Spreadwings - Larvae with very narrow labium - adults with hanging wings

C. Classification Suborder Zygoptera: Damselflies 1. Calopterygidae 2. Lestidae 3. Coenagrionidae (93): Pond Damsels All the Rest!

C. Classification Suborder Zygoptera: Damselflies Suborder Anisoptera: Dragonflies 1. Aeshnidae (38): Darners Large; eyes meet along dorsal seam; triangles same

C. Classification Suborder Zygoptera: Damselflies Suborder Anisoptera: Dragonflies 1. Aeshnidae 2. Cordulegastridae (8): Biddies - Eyes meet at one point; triangles same

C. Classification Suborder Zygoptera: Damselflies Suborder Anisoptera: Dragonflies 1. Aeshnidae 2. Cordulegastridae 3. Gomphidae (93): Clubtails - Eyes separate; triangles same

C. Classification Suborder Zygoptera: Damselflies Suborder Anisoptera: Dragonflies 1. Aeshnidae 2. Cordulegastridae 3. Gomphidae (93): Clubtails 4. Libellulidae (93): Skimmers Triangles different; : toe in hind wing anal loop

C. Classification Suborder Zygoptera: Damselflies Suborder Anisoptera: Dragonflies 1. Aeshnidae 2. Cordulegastridae 3. Gomphidae 4. Libellulidae 5. Corduliidae (50): Emeralds Triangles differ; leg but no toe

C. Classification Suborder Zygoptera: Damselflies Suborder Anisoptera: Dragonflies 1. Aeshnidae 2. Cordulegastridae 3. Gomphidae 4. Libellulidae 5. Corduliidae 6. Macromiidae (10): Cruisers Triangles differ; anal loop rounded – no leg