Welcome This game was made by:  Christine Brown  Gillian MacDonald  Paul Williams ~We Hope you enjoy defoliator's as much as we do~ START

The Big Players Click HereClick Here to begin the multiple choice extravaganza.

Where does Douglas-fir Tussock Moth like to party?  With swamp monsters? With swamp monsters?  In the hot and dry ‘Cow Country’? In the hot and dry ‘Cow Country’?  With a cappuccino in lower mainland? With a cappuccino in lower mainland?  Shreddin’ the GNAR with it’s buddies Yc and Hw? Shreddin’ the GNAR with it’s buddies Yc and Hw?

Try Again It is usually found in stands with Ponderosa Pine

Good Job!!! IDT enjoys hot and dry valley bottoms.

What kind of ‘cocoon’ do IDT eggs like to overwinter within?  Hairy Mass Hairy Mass  Sporty Mass Sporty Mass  Baby Mass Baby Mass  Scary Mass Scary Mass

Try Again IDT is not the 6 th Spice Girl, she didn’t like to shave her legs…

Correct That was obvious.

Which best describes Mr. Tussock as a caterpillar?  Hair radiating from black dots with 3 rusty tufts? Hair radiating from black dots with 3 rusty tufts?  Hair radiating from red dots with 4 rusty tufts? Hair radiating from red dots with 4 rusty tufts?  Hair radiating from white dots with 4 rusty tufts? Hair radiating from white dots with 4 rusty tufts?  No hair at all. No hair at all.

Wrong Hint: Red heads have more fun

Right IDT also has black “pencil tufts”; 2 head and 1 rear

What kind health impact can IDT have on humans?  Visual imparity due to Mahonia Nervososis? Visual imparity due to Mahonia Nervososis?  Hair loss due to Matchakosis? Hair loss due to Matchakosis?  Sneezing and coughing due to Corrinitis Douglasii? Sneezing and coughing due to Corrinitis Douglasii?  Rash and respiratory problems due to Tussockosis? Rash and respiratory problems due to Tussockosis?

Try Again Corrinitis is actually caused by quiz anxiety.

Correct. Tussockosis is an allergic reaction and forces people to stay in their homes for weeks at a time.

Where does the Western Spruce Budworm like to hang out?  In the mountains? In the mountains?  On the central coast and central interior? On the central coast and central interior?  On the southern coast and southern interior? On the southern coast and southern interior?  In Alberta with the cowboys? In Alberta with the cowboys?

Good Work You can find IDW in warm and dry climates favoring dense Fd stands.

Sorry, too bad…. It prefers climates.

What characteristic is unique to IDW larvae?  They emerge in Spring? They emerge in Spring?  They OW in the duff? They OW in the duff?  They OW in the stem? They OW in the stem?  They spin silken shelters? They spin silken shelters?

Correct. They spin silken shelters to protect themselves while hibernating over winter.

Wrong. They like to keep warm and safe in the cold winter months.

IDW is…?  The second largest defoliator in BC? The second largest defoliator in BC?  The least damaging defoliator in BC? The least damaging defoliator in BC?  The largest defoliator in BC? The largest defoliator in BC?  The only defoliator that feeds on deciduous in the winter? The only defoliator that feeds on deciduous in the winter?

Give yourself a pat on the back. IDW are the most damaging in BC; severe outbreaks can last up to 25 years.

Sorry, try again… Severe infestations fluctuate with weather and are of great concern to BC forests.

What are the distinguishable features on IDW eggs and larvae?  The eggs resemble “scales” on the needles and the larva have 4 white spots per segment. The eggs resemble “scales” on the needles and the larva have 4 white spots per segment.  The eggs resemble “bubbles” on the needles and the larva have 3 white spots per segment. The eggs resemble “bubbles” on the needles and the larva have 3 white spots per segment.  The eggs resemble “popcorn” on the needles and the larvae have lots of hair. The eggs resemble “popcorn” on the needles and the larvae have lots of hair.  The eggs and larvae look exactly the same due to incomplete metamorphosis. The eggs and larvae look exactly the same due to incomplete metamorphosis.

Correct. There are 4 distinguishable white dots on each segment of the larva; the eggs look like fish scales on the underside of the needle.

Try Again. Good things come in 4.

What is the Black Headed Budworm’s favorite place to chill out?  In the snow: ESSF and SBS? In the snow: ESSF and SBS?  In the rain: coast and ICH zone? In the rain: coast and ICH zone?  In the sun: PP and IDH? In the sun: PP and IDH?  On the beach: California styles? On the beach: California styles?

Yup! IBH enjoys hangin’ out with Hw in cool and moist climates.

Nope! It likes chillin ’ out with Hw.

What is the IDH’s favorite thing to eat?  New green buds and foliage? New green buds and foliage?  Dead or dying foliage? Dead or dying foliage?  Sticks and mosquitos? Sticks and mosquitos?  Old, but vibrant foliage? Old, but vibrant foliage?

You make it look so easy. The BUDworm enjoys fresh BUDS and new foliage.

Sorry, try again. The budworm prefers “fresh food”.

The IDH larvae…?  Look like egg yolks? Look like egg yolks?  Are hairy with a black head? Are hairy with a black head?  Are naked with a black and brown head? Are naked with a black and brown head?  Are naked with a black and red head? Are naked with a black and red head?

Right OnRight On! IDH has a black thoracic shield, and a black & brown head.

Ooooh, try again… The larvae are naked with a greenish/olive skin tone.

What are the IDHs’ 2 partners in crime?  Coast Hw Looper: Interior Mountain Pine Beetle Coast Hw Looper: Interior Mountain Pine Beetle  Coast Hw Looper: Interior Hw Sawfly Coast Hw Looper: Interior Hw Sawfly  Coast Hw Sawfly: Interior Hw Looper Coast Hw Sawfly: Interior Hw Looper  Coast Black Headed budworm: Interior Fd Tussock moth Coast Black Headed budworm: Interior Fd Tussock moth

Top Shelf. 50% reduction in growth for up to 4 years after outbreak.

Try Again Both Hw Looper and Hw Sawfly are its partners in crime.

Hw Looper prefers to relax in …?  Coast – high elevations? Coast – high elevations?  Coast – low elevations? Coast – low elevations?  Interior – high elevations? Interior – high elevations?  Interior – low elevations in the wetbelt? Interior – low elevations in the wetbelt?

Wrong. IDL likes getting’ low…

Stellar. Actually, there were 2 correct answers: IDL prefers wet, poor sites at low elevations in both the interior & coast

What describes IDL’s table manners?  Wasteful Wasteful  Clean Clean  Glutinous Glutinous  Territorial Territorial

Good Job IDL are considered to be wasteful feeders and create a zig zag pattern on the landscape.

Better Luck Next Time… Look for forest floor that is littered with needles…

Which feeding pattern best describes the feeding pattern of IDL?  Patchy Patchy  Zig-Zag Zig-Zag  A bite here and there… A bite here and there…  Perimeter feeding Perimeter feeding

Neato Gang!! Zig-Zagging is fun.

Shame on you… …Think Charlie Brown’s sweater pattern.

Top kill caused by IDL can damage up to how many meters of Hw crown?  0.5 meters 0.5 meters  1.0 meters 1.0 meters  10 meters 10 meters  3.0 meters 3.0 meters

OUI, OUI Heavy feeding at the top of the tree can result in mortality after only 1 year of severe defoliation.

No, good try though. More than 1.0 meter, but less than 5.0 (doesn’t that sound like something Doug would say?)

At what stage is the Gypsy moth most mobile?  Egg Egg  Larva Larva  Adult Adult  Grub Grub

Eureka The egg mass, a.k.a hitch- hikers, travels long distances by attachment to vehicles and firewood.

Tough One. Hint: “Remove Before You Move”

Scenario: You’re cruisin’ down the highway and you notice defoliation along “elevation bands”, what defoliator should first come to mind?  IDL IDL  MPB MPB  WTF WTF  IDW IDW

I’m proud of you. IDW causes distinct banding along elevations.

Maybe next time…. I D rive W est

When you see this image, what defoliator do you think is responsible?  IDW IDW  IDT IDT  IDL IDL  IDH IDH

DYN-O-MITE! The Tussock moth damage results in distinct patches of defoliation.

Ces’t la vie… IDW damage happens along elevation bands…which one causes damage in patches?

Which defoliator will eat almost anything?  Gypsy moth Gypsy moth  Western spruce budworm Western spruce budworm  Douglas-fir Tussock moth Douglas-fir Tussock moth  Eastern tent caterpillar Eastern tent caterpillar

You’ve got it made. The Gypsy moth enjoys a good buffet of 300+ species.

Oops… Hint: It rhymes with tipsy.

How would you manage for Gypsy moth?  Btk only Btk only  NPV only NPV only  NPV, ‘Gypchek’, Btk and Dimilin NPV, ‘Gypchek’, Btk and Dimilin  Just walk away and hope for the best… Just walk away and hope for the best…

You’re right on track Dimilin inhibits ‘chitin’ growth which inhibits molting.

Let’s be honest here… GYPCHEK yo’self before you wreck yo’self

What are the 2 main management activities that should always take place while dealing with defoliators?  Permanent and annual pheromone trapping Permanent and annual pheromone trapping  Annual spring applications of NPV and Btk Annual spring applications of NPV and Btk  Sanitation and early harvest of infected stands Sanitation and early harvest of infected stands  Surveys and annual overviews Surveys and annual overviews

Tremendous! Annual precautions are the best bet.

Negative. Hint: I hope you enjoy the paperwork

What is the most common ‘short term’ management approach to defoliator outbreaks?  NPV NPV  Btk Btk  NPV and Btk NPV and Btk  Pheromone trapping Pheromone trapping

StupendousStupendous. Btk is the most common short term management tactic for IDW, IDH, & IDL; it decreases the extent of damage caused in one season.

Try again… NPV decreases dispersal and spread over large areas.

Thank you for playing BIG PLAYERS. I hope this was an enjoyable learning experience. Take home message: Promote Mixed Species Play Again End Game References: 1) Doug Corrin/FRST 352: Entomology 2)Google Images Play Again End Game