Kingdom Animalia Unit 2 - Biodiversity

Hierarchy-Taxonomic Groups Domain Kingdom Phylum (Division – used for plants) Class Order Family Genus Species BROADEST TAXON Genus and species are the two names used to identify specific organisms in the binomial system of classification. Division is used for plants.

How are the Kingdoms Organized? Type of cells- prokaryotic/eukaryotic # of Cells - unicellular/multicellular Feeding - autotrophic/heterotrophic Cell Structure- No cell wall

What is a Prokaryotic Cell What is a Eukaryotic Cell No Nucleus Nucleus

What is Multicellular? What is Unicellular? One cell More than one cell

Do NOT make their own food What is a Heterotroph? What is an Autotroph? Make their own food Do NOT make their own food

K. Animalia Characteristics Multicellular – many cells Heterotrophic – consume other organisms for energy Eukaryotic – Have a nucleus Lack cell walls – have NO cell walls

Animal Organization We will concentrate on: Level of Organization K. Animalia is divided into 9 phyla based on: Level of organization (cellular, tissue, organ system etc.) Body symmetry (asymmetry, radial, or bilateral) Cephalization (concentration of sensory tissue at the head) Body cavity formation We will concentrate on: Level of Organization Cellular, tissue, organ … Body Symmetry Radial vs bilateral vs assymetrical Mode of Reproduction Sexual vs. Asexual Energy Source Endothermic vs Ectothermic

9 Phyla of the Animal Kingdom VERTABRATES INVERTABRATES CHORDATES Fish Amphibians Reptiles Birds Mammals SPONGES CNIDARIANS FLATWORMS ROUNDWORMS MOLLUSKS ANNELIDS ARTHROPODS ECHINODERMS

2 main groups Invertebrates Vertebrates No spinal column Spinal column

Vertebrates Animals with a spinal cord and an endoskeleton.

Fish Aquatic, have fins, scales and gills. Herbivores, carnivores, parasites and filter feeders. Sexual – eggs fertilized internally or externally Bilateral body symmetry Ectothermic or cold blooded Found in water

Amphibians Their skin is usually smooth and lacks scales, hair, and feathers. Their skin must remain moist to aid in breathing. They lack claws on their toes. Herbivores as youth and carnivorous as adults. Sexual reproduction – eggs fertilized internally or externally Bilateral body symmetry Ectothermic or cold blooded In water as larva and on land as adults.

Reptiles Their skin has scales and is dry. They have claws on their toes, teeth and lay eggs on land. Herbivores and carnivores Sexual Reproduction – eggs fertilized internally. Bilateral Ectothermic or cold blooded Found in Temperate Climates

Birds Their skin is covered with feathers. They have four- chambered hearts. Their bones are lightweight and usually hollow. Their forelimbs are modified as wings. They lay eggs. Herbivores and carnivores Sexual reproduction – eggs fertilized internally. Bilateral Symmetry Endothermic or warm blooded Found everywhere.

Mammals They have hair, which varies greatly among species. Most have sweat glands. They have mammary (milk-secreting) glands to feed their young. Herbivores and carnivores Sexual Reproduction – fertilized internally. Bilateral body symmetry Endothermic or warm blooded Found almost everywhere

Invertebrates No spinal column Some with exoskeletons

Porifera (poh-RIF-ur-uh) Sedentary. Body is made of cells and tissues surround by a water filled space but there is no true body cavity. filter feeders Sexual & asexual (budding) Asymmetrical body symmetry Ectothermic or cold blooded Live in aquatic environments, mostly marine.

Cnidaria (ny-Dayr-ee-uh) Are all radial in symmetry, have stinging tentacles to catch prey. carnivorous and filter feeders Sexual & asexual (budding) reproduction Radial Symmetry Ectothermic or cold blooded Marine and fresh water

Platyhelminthes (plat-ih-hel-min-theez) Most are free living and parasitic. carnivores and parasitic Sexual (hermaphrodites) & asexual (fission) reproduction Bilateral body symmetry Ectothermic or cold blooded Marine and fresh water

Nematoda (nee-muh-ToHD-uh) Most are free living and parasitic. herbivores, carnivores and parasitic Sexual and hermaphroditic reproduction Bilateral body symmetry Ectothermic or cold blooded Live just about everywhere.

Mollusca (mol-us-ka) Soft body and sometimes a hard shell Bodies are divided into 3 parts: Head, Foot, and Visceral Hump. filter feeders, herbivores and carnivores Bilateral symmetry Ectothermic or cold blooded Marine, fresh water and land

Arthropoda (arth-rop-a-da) A hard outer body covering called an exoskeleton. Specialized mouth parts. Jointed legs. Compound Eyes. Segmented body herbivores, carnivores, ominovores Sexual (internally and externally) reproduction Bilateral body symmetry Ectothermic or Cold blooded Found in aquatic and terrestrial environments

Annelida (uh-Nel-ih-duh) Soft body worms with sections, possesses a through gut, mouth and anus. Some parasitic Sexual and hermaphroditic reproduction Bilateral body symmetry Ectothermic or coldblooded Found in soil and fresh water

Echinodermata (ee-Ky-noh-durmz) Have bodies with rough skin and sharp spines, possess 5- rayed symmetry. Calcareous skeleton Sexual (separate sexes) and asexual (regeneration) reproduction Radial body symmetry Ectothermic or Cold blooded Found in marine environments