My Abc Book of History! Raven Morris 2 nd Period May 17, 2011

Abolitionists- people who strongly favored doing away with slavery Abigail Adams- the 2 nd first lady of the United states, she changed many things in the White House African Americans- most of them in America were slaves and were treated very badly Albany Plan of Union- called for one general government in the original 13 colonies

Benjamin Franklin- Founding Father of America and inventor Bill of Rights- document that guarantees Americans individual rights Baltimore, Maryland- place where Northern troops were attacked by a mob isolating the capital from the rest of the North Boston Massacre- event where civilians were attacked by armed British soldiers, the unofficial beginning of the Revolutionary War

Charter colony- colony established by settlers who were given written, formal documents allowing them to settle Civil War- conflict between opposing groups of the same country Clermont- the first steamboat in the United States Charles Cornwallis- general of the British army during the American Revolution

Democratic Party- people who supported states’ rights and mistrusted a strong central government Declaration of Independence- declared that the United States was an independent country Declaratory Act- stated that Parliament had the right to make decisions for the British colonies Daughters of Liberty- group of women that advised Americans to make their own clothing and produce their own goods so they would be more independent

Eighth Amendment- said that excessive bail and cruel and unusual punishment could not be imposed English Bill of Rights- influenced the creation of the American Bill of Rights Electoral College- a special group of elected officials who vote for president and vice president Enlightment- the spread that knowledge, reason, and science could improve society

Federalists Papers- series of essays explaining and defending the Constitution; written by John Jay, James Madison, and Alexander Hamilton Fort Sumpter- the sight of the first battle of the American Civil War Free African Society- free African Americans had their own churches, institutions, and social-aid societies Fourth Amendment- the right to not have people search you or your belongings without a warrant

Gadsden Purchase- strip of land along the southern edge of Arizona and New Mexico, purchased from Mexico Gettysburg Address- given by President Lincoln concerning the unity of the Confederate and Union states Guerilla warfare- tactics used to sneak attack British during the American Revolution Gibbons v. Ogden- case where the court held that federal law takes precedence over state law and interstate transportation

Homestead Act- gave 160 free acres of land to any settlers who paid a filing fee and lived on the for five years House of Burgesses- the first representative government in the United States Henry Hudson- explored America and discover what is now called the Hudson River and Hudson Bay Harvard College- the first college founded in the United States

Indian Removal Act- act where the federal government paid Native Americans to move off their land and further west Industrial Revolution- period of time when factories and manufacturing became a huge part of the American way of life Indian Territory- area in present- day Oklahoma for Native Americans living in the south-east Intolerable Acts- closed Boston Harbor until money could be paid back for the tea destroyed in the Boston Tea Party

John Jay- chief justice of the Supreme Court during Washington’s presidency John Paul Jones- the creator of the navy Jamestown, Virginia- first permanent English settlement in America Judiciary Act of set up regional courts in the United States with 16 judges and many other judicial officials

Kansas- Nebraska Act- said that Kansas and Nebraska could be territories and would decide whether to be free or not by voting Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions- said that the Alien and Sedition Acts could not be put into action because they violated the Constitution Know-Nothing Party- political party that called for stricter citizenship laws that extended the immigrants’ waiting period from 5 to 21 years, and they wanted to ban foreign-born citizens from holding office Ku Klux Klan- groups of whites who hated blacks

Land of Law of set up a group of people to review the Californios land rights Lewis and Clark expedition- explored the western lands of America Lexington, Massachusetts- sight of the first battle the revolutionary war The Liberator- a book written by William Lloyd Garrison concerning slavery

Mayflower Compact- the first colonial government Mason-Dixon Line- line set up to separate Charles Mason’s land from Jeremiah Dixon’s Magna Carta- placed limits on the power of the monarch McCulloch v. Maryland- held that Congress can do more than the Constitution expressly authorizes it to

Ninth amendment- says that we have certain rights guaranteed to us through the Constitution Nullification Act- said that South Carolina would not pay the “illegal” tariffs of 1828 and 1832 Norfolk, Virginia- place where Confederate soldiers seized the naval shipyard during the Civil War New Jersey Plan- kept the Confederation’s one-house legislature with one vote for each state

Olive Branch Petition- petition that assured the King George III of the colonists’ desire for peace; he ignored it though Oregon Trail- path to Oregon from Missouri Ordinance of Congress created a system of surveying and selling land Ohio River Valley- area of land that started the rivalry between England and France

Parliament- the British government Patrick Henry- person who persuaded the Burgesses to take action against the Stamp Act Philadelphia, Pennsylvania- sight of the Constitutional Conventions and signing of the Constitution Popular sovereignty- political theory that government is subject to the will of the people

Quakers- Protestant group of citizens that opposed slavery Quebec Act- act that set up a permanent government for Quebec and granted religious freedom to French and Catholics Quartering of troops- the right that British troops had to live in any colonial home they wanted to Quadruple Alliance- group of four countries; Russia, Prussia, France, and Austria; that Spain asked to help them with its fight against South America

Reconstruction- period of time after the Civil War when the South had to be rebuilt Richmond, Virginia- sight where the North planned to attack Confederate forces Revolutionary War- the war where America fought for independence from Britain and other countries Republic of Texas- area of land purchased from