 Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples – Art. 12 – right to protect arts and restitution of intellectual property taken in violation of traditions and customs - Art. 29 – recognition of intellectual property  Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works – moral rights re tangible media -Copyright Amendment (Moral Rights) Act 2000 – attribution integrity of authorship

 Gove peninsula Nabalco mine 1970  Aboriginal Tent Embassy 1972  Aurukun  Ranger Uranium mine  Noonkanbah  Framlingham Regional Park blockade 1979  Alcoa Aluminum Smelter at Portland 1980  Pitjantjatjara Land Rights campaign  Uluru land claim 1979

 Milurrpum v Nabalco (1970)  Peinkinna (1977)  Coe v Commonwealth (1978)  Onus v Alcoa (1980)  Wacando (1981)  Koowarta v Bjelke Petersen (1982)  Gerhardy v Brown (1983)  Bropho v WA (1990)  Tickner v Bropho (1992)

 Aboriginal Land Rights (Northern Territory) Act (Cth) Aboriginal Land Rights (Northern Territory) Act 1976  Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (Self Management )Act 1978 (Cth)  Pitjantjatjarra Land Rights Act 1981 (SA)  Maralinga Tjaruatja Land Rights Act 1984 (SA) Maralinga Tjaruatja Land Rights Act 1984  Land Rights Act 1984 (SA) Land Rights Act 1984  Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Heritage Protection Act 1984 (Cth)  Aboriginal Land Rights Act 1983 (NSW) Aboriginal Land Rights Act 1983  Aboriginal Land Act 1991 (Qld); Torres Strait Islander Land Act 1991 (Qld) Aboriginal Land Act 1991Torres Strait Islander Land Act 1991

 Holding Cabinet submission 1984 ◦ Claims based on traditional entitlement, historical association, long-term occupation and use, and specific purposes such as town camps ◦ no veto on mining or exploration ◦ independent tribunal resolve disputes  Seaman Inquiry WA  WA Aboriginal Land Bill ◦ claims only to UCL and reserves ◦ no veto on mining ◦ four year time limit on lodging claims  Mining company opposition  Queensland opposition

 Aboriginal Legal Services  Northern Land Council 1974  Central Land Council 1974  Pitjantjatjara Council 1977  Kimberley Land Council 1978  North Queensland Land Council 1978  Native Title Representative Bodies 1993/94

 National Aboriginal Consultative Council  National Aboriginal Conference  Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Council  Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Justice Commissioner  Reconciliation Council  Congress

 Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths on Custody  Stolen Generations 1997

 Ward 2002 – bundle of rights & partial extinguishment  Yarmirr 2001– offshore rights but no exclusivity offshore  Yorta Yorta 2002 – continuing viable normative society

 Registration: Lane ◦ Claim group – genealogy ◦ Authorisation  Right to Negotiate – ILUAs  Proof – Yorta Yorta ◦ laws and customs ◦ continuing viable society Native Title Representative Bodies Registered Native Title Bodies Corporate (PBCs)

Preservation evidence

 Aboriginal Land Fund Commission  Aboriginal Development Commission  Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commision  Indigenous Land Commission  Indigenous Land Use Agreements

 Certainty of access to resources  Economic and social development of native title holders  Education and employment  Cultural heritage protection  Cultural Awareness  Direct benefits, trusts and tax

◦ Many battles ◦ Several heroes ◦ Incremental change