From Trent to Summorum pontificum A Brief History of the Extraordinary Form of the Roman Rite From Trent to Summorum pontificum Workshop at Kenrick-Glennon Seminary 17 September 2008 Daniel G. Van Slyke, S.T.L., Ph.D.

Outline Liturgical Reform Following Trent Subsequent Typical Editions of the Missale Romanum Revisions of the Divine Office Final Pre-Vatican II Liturgical Books Vatican II and the Revision of the Roman Rite The Extraordinary Form Following the Second Vatican Council Summorum Pontificum

I. Liturgical Reform Following Trent Council of Trent [1545-1563] took up the subject of Mass books Left reform of the books to the pope Pope established a commission Guiding principles: More unity of practice Return to the pristina sanctorum patrum norma Major revisions to the calendar

Tridentine Reforms 1568 Breviarum Romanum 1570 Missale Romanum Promulgated by Pope Pius V with Quo primum 1588 Congregation of Rites established by Pope Sixtus V 1596 Pontificale Romanum 1514 Rituale Romanum

II. Subsequent Typical Editions of the Missale Romanum Pope Clement VII (1604) Pope Urban VIII (1634) Pope Leo XIII (1884) Pope Benedict XV (1920)

III. Revisions of the Divine Office Pope Clement VIII (1592-1605) Pope Urban VIII (1623-1644) Pope St Pius X (1902-1914) Pope John XXIII – breviary with new code of rubrics in 1961 1971-1972, Liturgia horarum

IV. Final Pre-Vatican II Liturgical Books 1962 Missale Romanum, promulgated by Pope John XXIII Main change: St Joseph added to the Canon Contains the rites of Holy Week revised under Pius XII in the 1950s Confiteor repeated again before communion is omitted 1952/3 Rituale Romanum 1961 Breviarum Romanum 1962 Pontificale Romanum

V. The Second Vatican Council and the Revision of the Roman Rite Sacrosanctum concilium (4 December 1963) Sacram liturgiam (25 January 1964) Establishes Consilium ad exsequendam Constitutionem de Sacra Liturgia

The Missal Promulgated by Pope Paul VI Ordo Missae [1969] + IGMR 1st edition Missale Romanum, 1st typical edition [1970] + IGMR 2nd edition Paul VI, with the Constitution Missale Romanum, promulgates the revised Missal Paul VI does not abrogate the 1962 Missal (so BXVI is consistent with the mind of the Church)

The Missal Promulgated by Pope Paul VI (slide 2) IGMR 3rd edition [1972] Missale Romanum, 2nd typical edition [1975] + IGMR 4th edition Major addition: two eucharistic prayers of reconciliation, composed for the Holy Year 1975; three eucharistic prayers for Masses with children. IGMR 5th edition [2000] Missale Romanum, 3rd typical edition [2002] + IGMR 5th edition rev. Major change: addition of more Eucharistic prayers, so the total is now 13: Eucharistic Prayers I-IV; two eucharistic prayers of reconciliation; four eucharistic prayers for various needs; three eucharistic prayers for Masses with children

VI. The Extraordinary Form of the Roman Rite Following the Second Vatican Council 1964, Una voce 1984, Quattuor abhinc annos Leaves granting of indult to say Mass according to the 1963 Missal of Blessed John XXIII 5 May 1988, Protocol between Cardinal Ratzinger and Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre 30 June 1988, Archbishop Lefebvre’s schism – SSPX, Priestly Fraternity of St Pius X 2 July 1988, Ecclesia Dei – Pope John Paul II’s apostolic letter/motu proprio Establishes the Pontifical Commission ‘Ecclesia Dei’

VII. Summorum Pontificum (7 July 2007) Two usages of the one Roman Rite: Ordinary Form: Roman Missal promulgated by Pope Paul VI Extraordinary Form: Roman Missal promulgated by Blessed John XXIII Roman Missal promulgated by Bl. John XXIII in 1962 was never abrogated

Summorum pontificum “Art. 2. In Masses celebrated without the people, each Catholic priest of the Latin rite, whether secular or regular, may use the Roman Missal published by Bl. Pope John XXIII in 1962, or the Roman Missal promulgated by Pope Paul VI in 1970, and may do so on any day with the exception of the Easter Triduum. For such celebrations, with either one Missal or the other, the priest has no need for permission from the Apostolic See or from his Ordinary.”

The Meaning of “Extraordinary” First, something is extraordinary if there is a grave (issue of death) or urgent necessity Second, the law uses the term “extraordinary” as an addition to, or a complement to the “ordinary” E.g., an ordinary session of a synod of bishops (can. 345); extraordinary session of the synod of bishops Subordinate to the ordinary

The Meaning of “Extraordinary” The motu proprio would is not canonically an exception of the law (can. 18), because an exception to the law must be interpreted narrowly. This is rather a “favorable” law. odia restringi et favores convenit ampliari – burdens are to be restricted, what is favorable is to be amplified

Practical Questions Regarding Summorum pontificum Does the motu proprio provide that we can use the MR1962 for the liturgy of Good Friday? Yes: cui licet quod est plus, licet utique quod est minus: “the one who can do the greater can do the lesser.”

Practical Questions Regarding Summorum pontificum Rubrical Laws Communion under both species concelebration Disciplinary Laws

What about confirmation? After 1973, to use the old form of the confirmation one needed an indult from the Holy See – it was seen as a privilege, and therefore contra use. Did BXVI derogate from Paul VI’s apostolic constitution? Divinae Consortium Naturae (1971). According to can. 20, “a later law derogates from a former law” BXVI did indeed derogate from Paul VI’s legislation Therefore one can use the EF to administer the sacrament of confirmation

One Mass on Sunday? The mp provides for the parish celebration of the Mass in the EF, but limits it to one Mass on Sunday The law is not retroactive (can. 9) If the parish had numerous celebrations of the EF Mass before the motu proprio, it may continue do so after the motu proprio

The People of God It is not for the pastor to introduce this; it is to come from the people of God The people should manifest a spiritual desire that they believe they can worship God more fittingly, more effectively, via the EF A spiritual good

The Priest’s Responsibility There must be adequate liturgical formation for the priest and sufficient knowledge of Latin, so Mass is offered well, reverently, and according to the law

FINIS