Romantic Period AD Music History

Romantic AD Romantic does not necessarily refer to love. It refers to all emotions ( love, anger, fear, joy, etc…) -- Vocal Music a. Romantic Opera -larger, louder, more dramatic than Classical Opera -very realistic, sometimes violent b. Lieder -German for “ songs ” -short musical piece for voice and piano -based on poetry -usually written in groups of lieder called song cycles

Music History Romantic AD Instrumental Music a. Romantic Symphony -larger, louder, and more dramatic than the Classical Symphony. -4 movements -French Horn, English Horn, harp, bass clarinet, and trombone were added to the orchestra at this time b. Tone Poem -a piece for symphony orchestra that only had one movement. -usually only expressed a single emotion --During this time the piano became louder and more powerful--

Music History Romantic AD Important Composers a. Robert Schumann -from Germany -wrote lieder and several symphonies -made a living as a music critic b. Franz Schubert -from Germany -wrote mostly lieder (sometimes as many as 6 in one day) c. Clara Schumann - wife of Robert Schumann -great piano player and composer

Music History Romantic AD Important Composers (continued) Johannes Brahms -from Germany -wrote lieder, symphonies, and chamber music symphony was nicknamed “Beethoven’s 10th” -his first symphony was nicknamed “Beethoven’s 10th” because it was considered as good as Beethoven’s symphonies -third of the “Three B’s” (along with Bach and Beethoven)

Music History Romantic AD Important Composers (continued) Camille Saint-Saens - From France - Also an organist and conductor - One of the most talented child prodigies of his time had perfect pitch at age of 2 and started playing piano at this time, where he immediately began composing - Wrote first symphony at age 16 The Carnival of the Animals - Most known pieces: The Carnival of the Animals Danse Macabre Symphony No. 3

Music History Romantic AD Important Composers (continued) Age of the Virtuoso -a virtuoso is someone who is the best at their particular instrument -there were several virtuosos at this time: Franz Lizst - Hungary - piano Frederic Chopin - Poland - piano Nicolo Paganini - Italy - violin Performers who show personality and extraordinary ability on their instrument are virtuosos

Music History Romantic AD Important Composers (continued) Opera Composers Wagner – from Germany; transformed opera and sometimes wrote operas that were 6 hours long! - Puccini - Italy - Verdi - Italy - Rossini - Italy  Nationalism -glorify your homeland (composers would often use folk songs and folk lore in their music) Tchaikovsky - Russian Nationalistic Composer - wrote very famous ballet music (The Nutcracker)

Music History H. 20th Century AD 1. Claude Debussy was from _____________. Paris, France 2. The composer, _________, was Debussy’s hero. Wagner 3.Since the late 1700s, German music had been dominated by The principal of __________. tonality 4.Debussy developed a new type of music that was called _________________________. impressionistic/impressionism 5.Debussy’s use of scales created a more __________ feeling in his music. relaxed 6.Schoenberg began to write music in which the sense of tonality was virtually ______________. eliminated 7.In the 1920s, Schoenberg developed a technique for writing music without a tonal center that was called __________________. the 12-tone system

Music History H. 20th Century AD 8. Did the public like Schoenberg’s new sound? ________ No 9.A new ballet troupe was being formed in Paris. The new inexperienced composer that was assigned to write a score for a full ballet was _______________________. Igor Stravinsky 10. His second ballet, Petrouchka, was the story of 3 _________. puppets 11.What happened in Paris in 1913 when his third ballet, “The Rite of Spring” was premiered? ______________________. a riot broke out 12.The controversy surrounding the performance of “The Rite of Spring” made Stravinsky ____________. famous 13.Jean Sibelius of __________ was among those composers Interested in fostering a national musical style. Finland

Music History H. 20th Century AD 14.Name the first English composer who gained fame during this period. ________ Elgar 15.Ralph Vaughan-Williams was fascinated by English ______ Songs and traveled the English countryside to collect them. folk 16. Bela Bartok was from __________. Hungary 17.Composers in the US generally modeled themselves after well-known ____________ composers. European 18. Charles Ives was from the state of _____________. Connecticut 19.When Ives realized that he could not make a living composing experimental music, he went into the ____________ business. insurance

Music History H. 20th Century AD 20. Was Charles Ives a famous composer in his lifetime? _____ No 21.What was happening with audiences at the time-how were they reacting to the new music that was being performed? _________________________________________________ They rejected it in favor of the music of the 18th and 19th centuries.