Status of Hydrogen Station and Fleet Demonstration at Penn State Joel R. Anstrom, Ph.D. February 2007 Director of Hybrid and Hydrogen Vehicle Research Center at the Pennsylvania Transportation Institute

Hydrogen Station/Fleet Demonstration Background Emergence of a renewable hydrogen economy is a major component of a long-term U.S. energy security strategy DOE interim goals: (until renewable hydrogen infrastructure in place) –Produce hydrogen locally from natural gas –Target costs and efficiencies competitive with gasoline –Store hydrogen on-board vehicles APCI and DOE cost-shared H2 station goals for transportation: –Demonstrate commercial cost viability of H2 station –Deliver hydrogen that meets performance criteria –Demonstrate hydrogen station/fleet at Penn State starting Summer 2006

Hydrogen Station/Fleet Demonstration Background (continued) Partners to demonstrate hydrogen station and fleet: –Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. (APCI) –Centre Area Transportation Authority (CATA) –Penn State Pennsylvania Transportation Institute –Penn State Office of Physical Plant –Collier Technologies APCI Hydrogen Station 50% DOE cost share, total $8M Funding for startup, training, and one year operation of first HCNG bus, HCNG van, and FCV: –2004 Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection Energy Harvest Grant - $248,000 –2004 Pennsylvania Department of Community and Economic Development - $248,000 Funding for 6-7 more vans, a hydrogen HEV, two add’l years of operation –2006 Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection Alternative Fuels Incentive Grant - $273,278 –2006 Pennsylvania Department of Community and Economic Development $273,278

Hydrogen Station Description

Hydrogen Station Description (continued) APCI Hydrogen station capacity - 4 kg/hr, ~100 kg/day 24 car fills/day or 1 bus fill/day on hydrogen 3-4 bus fills/day on 30-35% H 2 in CNG blend (HCNG) Fueling Plan (5 day/week, year round, cold climate): –2 H 2 car fills/day at 0.6 kg (1.2 kg H 2 ) –1-2 van fills/day of HCNG blend (2-4 kg H 2 ) –1 bus fills/day of HCNG blend (26 kg H 2 ) –Plus future Penn State hydrogen research requirements Note: >40% load on hydrogen reformer required to prevent frequent shutdown/startup cycles

Hydrogen Demonstration Elements Partner - Contribution Air Products and Chemicals Inc. (APCI) – develop and support hydrogen station Centre Area Transportation Authority (CATA) – operate up to 3 HCNG buses on campus route PSU Office of Physical Plant (OPP) – operate up to 8 HCNG vans on campus PSU Pennsylvania Transportation Institute (PTI) – manage demonstration, collect data, integrate/operate electric vehicle with PEM fuel cell Collier Technologies – perform HCNG engine conversions, training, and support CATA HCNG busesPTI PEM fuel cell car APCI H2 station at Penn State OPP HCNG vans PTI H 2 ICE HEV

APCI Hydrogen Station Reform 100 kg H 2 per day from natural gas Store 1500 gal of liquid H 2 Dispense H 2 at 5000 psi with communication fill to CFCP standard Blend and dispense 30% H 2 by volume HCNG at 3600 psi open loop fill Status: Operational

HCNG Bus Chassis: 40’ New Flyer CNG passenger bus Engine: 11 liter Daewoo converted by Collier Tech Fuel Capacity: ~ psi of HCNG Operation: campus transit Fuel Consumption: ~3 mpg Diesel equivalent Fueling: daily Status: 1 st bus conversion and testing completed, entering revenue service

HCNG Van Chassis: E 250 Ford utility van Engine: 4.6 l V8, 30% H 2 in HCNG Fuel Capacity: ~80 l at 3600 psi of HCNG Operation: campus work van Fuel consumption: ~8 mpg gas equivalent Fueling: random 24/7 Status: 1 st van conversion and testing completed, in service 6-7 additional vans beginning conversion.

Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicle PSU Converted GM EV1 electric vehicle chassis 1.2 kW Ballard Nexa PEM Fuel Cell 26 l (0.6 kg) hydrogen tank, 5000 psi Operation: test mule and grid power generation Fueling: twice daily Fuel consumption: ~70 mpg gas equivalent PSU designed power electronics: drive, braking, FC voltage boost, charge, and vehicle-grid power Status: operational with ongoing tuning and refinement of drive electronics and fuel cell boost converter

HCNG CATA bus operates on Loop Route consuming majority of hydrogen, fuels daily Seven HCNG OPP vans operate on campus, fuel at random PTI and APCI collect data on vehicles and station Fuel cell vehicle and H2ICE HEV travel on campus, fuel daily

PSU Hydrogen Demonstration Funding and Status as of 2/07 H 2 station on-line with liquid tank, blend unit, high pressure storage, and dispensers CNG reformer on-line and producing hydrogen Funding secured for first bus, 7-8 vans, Fuel Cell Vehicle, H 2 ICE HEV, and three years of hydrogen fleet operation. HyLion FCV filling on H 2 and tuning drive system First HCNG van in service. Additional vans beginning conversion to HCNG. Bus enter regular service on CNG and testing on HCNG.

Contact Information Joel R. Anstrom Pennsylvania Transportation Institute 201 Transportation Research Bldg. University Park, PA (814)