Bones of the skull.

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Bones of the Skull.

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Presentation transcript:

Bones of the skull

Skull 28 bones in the skull 2 major divisions: Cranium and Face Cranium: frontal, 2 parietal, 2 temporal, occipital, sphenoid and ethmoid Face: 2 maxillae, 2 zygomatic, 2 nasal, madible, 2 lacrimal, 2 palatine, 2 inferior nasal conchae, and the vomer

Cranial Bones Frontal Bone: forehead and anterior portion of the top of the cranium Contains Sinuses (frontal sinus) and similar sinuses in the sphenoid, ethmoid and maxillae (called Paranasal Sinuses) Frontal Sinus joins with the parietal bone in the CORONAL SUTURE

Cranial Bones Parietal Bone: two bones form the topside of the cranium Form joints with several bones: Lamboidal Suture: with the occipital bone Squamous Suture: with the temporal bone and part of the sphenoid Coronal Suture: with the frontal bone

Cranial Bones Temporal Bones: lower sides of the cranium and part of the skull floor House the middle and inner ear structures Mastoid Sinus is contained here

Cranial Bones Occipital Bone: lower, posterior portion of the skull Forms immovable joints with 3 other cranial bones (parietal, temporal and sphenoid) Forms a movable joint with the first cervical vertebrate Foramen Magnum: hole where spinal cord enters cranial cavity

Cranial Bones Sphenoid Bone: located in central portion of cranium floor Serves as an anchor for the frontal, parietal, occipital and ethmoid bones Forms portion of orbits Sphenoid Sinuses

Cranial Bones Ethmoid Bones: anterior to the sphenoid and posterior to the nasal bones Makes up anterior cranial floor, medial walls of orbits, upper parts of the nasal septum, sides of nasal cavity and parts of the nasal roof

Facial Bones Maxillae: (2 bones) articulate with each other Forms floor of the orbits, roof of the mouth, floor and walls of the nose Each maxilla contains a Maxillary Sinus (largest of the paranasal sinuses)

Facial Bones Mandible: single bone Largest, strongest bone of the face Articulates with the temporal bone in the only movable joint of the skull

Facial Bones Zygomatic: shapes the cheek (AKA malar bone) Forms the outer margin of the orbit, and the zygomatic arch Articulates with maxillary, temporal, frontal and sphenoid bones

Facial Bones Nasal Bones: gives shape to the nose Forms upper bridge of the nose Septal Cartilage forms lower portion of the nose Lacrimal Bone: has a groove for the tear duct (nasolacrimal duct) Sidewall of the nasal cavity and medial wall of orbit

Eye Orbits Orbital cavities contain eyes and associated muscles; important blood vessels and nerves; and lacrimal duct Orbital walls are generally very thin and fragile Palatine Bones form the base of the orbits and the roof of the hard palate

Fetal Skull Very different from adult skulls Placement of bones allows for change of shape during birth Fontanels: allow for molding of head shape during birth; rapid brain development without increasing intracranial pressure (do not close until adult size is reached)