Muscles, movement and the skeleton

The Skeletal system is A-Maze-ing Start To carry on with the PP click the red button

Begin End

YOU WIN

YOU LOSE 

LEARNING OUTCOMES Muscles, movement and the skeleton Bones Bone is made from a protein called collagen and crystals of calcium phosphate The two types of bone are compact bone and spongy bone you must be able to describe and explain these. Describe the structures that make up: the vertebral column, the skull and the limbs. State and describe the functions of the skeleton. Define a joint and outline with examples the two types of joints i.e. movable and immovable Describe the structure of the two types of movable (synovial) joints i.e. hinge and ball and socket to include: cartilage, ligaments, synovial fluid and tendons. Give an example of a hinge joint (elbow) and a ball and socket joint (hip).

Bones

Bone is made from a protein called collagen (soft) and crystals of calcium phosphate (hard)

And the two types of bone are…

Co mp act bon e

Spongy bone

The vertebral column

The skull

The arms

Legs

And the functions of the skeleton are…

Support

Protection

Movement

Production of blood cells

Joints

Immovable joints

Movable joints

Hinge

Ball and socket

Tendons

Ligaments

Cartilage

Synovial membrane and fluid

Muscles

Describe the structure and function of muscles. Differentiate between the two types of muscles i.e. smooth and skeletal muscles. Give examples of smooth and skeletal muscles. Describe and explain muscle contraction and explain why muscles need to work in antagonistic pairs. Give an example of an antagonistic pair of muscles. Describe and explain the long term benefits of exercise to include: -Decrease in resting heart rate -Increase in muscle size and strength -Increase in muscle enzymes increasing the efficiency -Strengthening of the ligaments and tendons -Increased flexibility in joints -Increased protection from heart attack

The structure of muscles

Function of muscles. Muscles contract to perform various functions in the body from moving the skeleton and pushing food through the digestive system to pumping blood around the body.

Smooth muscles Where You Can Find Smooth Muscles Walls of blood vessels Walls of stomach Ureters Intestines Iris of the eye Gastrointestinal Tract Respiratory Tract Small arteries Arterioles Reproductive tracts (both genders) Veins Glomeruli of the Kidneys Bladder Uterus Arrector pili hair muscles of the skin Sphincter Trachea Bile duct Smooth muscles contract and relax involuntarily as your body undergoes natural processes like digestions and homeostasis.

Smooth muscles

Skeletal muscles e.g. biceps triceps

Cardiac muscles never get tired because they contain a high number of energy generating organelles called mitochondria.

The mitochondria require glucose to activate them into producing energy for the cell.

Antagonistic pairs of muscles enable the skeleton to return to its original position after a muscle contracts.

How do muscles contract? Muscle cells can move closer to one another and then they must be pulled apart again.

What are the long term benefits of exercise?

Decrease in resting heart rate

Increase in muscle size and strength

Increase in muscle enzymes increasing the efficiency

Strengthening of the ligaments and tendons

Increased flexibility in joints

Increased protection from heart attack

– simple and basic information on the muscular system. Extra information – Cash course muscles. This is difficult but amazing if you persevere. – Crash course skeletal system. Again complicated but awesome. – A simple video on the skeletal system.

Bones  Bone is made from a protein called collagen and crystals of calcium phosphate  The two types of bone are compact bone and spongy bone you must be able to describe and explain these.  Describe the structures that make up: the vertebral column, the skull and the limbs.  State and describe the functions of the skeleton.  Define a joint and outline with examples the two types of joints i.e. movable and immovable  Describe the structure of the two types of movable (synovial) joints i.e. hinge and ball and socket to include: cartilage, ligaments, synovial fluid and tendons.  Give an example of a hinge joint (elbow) and a ball and socket joint (hip). Bones  Bone is made from a protein called collagen and crystals of calcium phosphate  The two types of bone are compact bone and spongy bone you must be able to describe and explain these.  Describe the structures that make up: the vertebral column, the skull and the limbs.  State and describe the functions of the skeleton.  Define a joint and outline with examples the two types of joints i.e. movable and immovable  Describe the structure of the two types of movable (synovial) joints i.e. hinge and ball and socket to include: cartilage, ligaments, synovial fluid and tendons.  Give an example of a hinge joint (elbow) and a ball and socket joint (hip). Bones  Bone is made from a protein called collagen and crystals of calcium phosphate  The two types of bone are compact bone and spongy bone you must be able to describe and explain these.  Describe the structures that make up: the vertebral column, the skull and the limbs.  State and describe the functions of the skeleton.  Define a joint and outline with examples the two types of joints i.e. movable and immovable  Describe the structure of the two types of movable (synovial) joints i.e. hinge and ball and socket to include: cartilage, ligaments, synovial fluid and tendons.  Give an example of a hinge joint (elbow) and a ball and socket joint (hip). Bones  Bone is made from a protein called collagen and crystals of calcium phosphate  The two types of bone are compact bone and spongy bone you must be able to describe and explain these.  Describe the structures that make up: the vertebral column, the skull and the limbs.  State and describe the functions of the skeleton.  Define a joint and outline with examples the two types of joints i.e. movable and immovable  Describe the structure of the two types of movable (synovial) joints i.e. hinge and ball and socket to include: cartilage, ligaments, synovial fluid and tendons.  Give an example of a hinge joint (elbow) and a ball and socket joint (hip).

Muscles Describe the structure and function of muscles. Differentiate between the two types of muscles i.e. smooth and skeletal muscles. Give examples of smooth and skeletal muscles. Describe and explain muscle contraction and explain why muscles need to work in antagonistic pairs. Give an example of an antagonistic pair of muscles. Describe and explain the long term benefits of exercise to include: -Decrease in resting heart rate -Increase in muscle size and strength -Increase in muscle enzymes increasing the efficiency -Strengthening of the ligaments and tendons -Increased flexibility in joints -Increased protection from heart attack Muscles Describe the structure and function of muscles. Differentiate between the two types of muscles i.e. smooth and skeletal muscles. Give examples of smooth and skeletal muscles. Describe and explain muscle contraction and explain why muscles need to work in antagonistic pairs. Give an example of an antagonistic pair of muscles. Describe and explain the long term benefits of exercise to include: -Decrease in resting heart rate -Increase in muscle size and strength -Increase in muscle enzymes increasing the efficiency -Strengthening of the ligaments and tendons -Increased flexibility in joints -Increased protection from heart attack Muscles Describe the structure and function of muscles. Differentiate between the two types of muscles i.e. smooth and skeletal muscles. Give examples of smooth and skeletal muscles. Describe and explain muscle contraction and explain why muscles need to work in antagonistic pairs. Give an example of an antagonistic pair of muscles. Describe and explain the long term benefits of exercise to include: -Decrease in resting heart rate -Increase in muscle size and strength -Increase in muscle enzymes increasing the efficiency -Strengthening of the ligaments and tendons -Increased flexibility in joints -Increased protection from heart attack Muscles Describe the structure and function of muscles. Differentiate between the two types of muscles i.e. smooth and skeletal muscles. Give examples of smooth and skeletal muscles. Describe and explain muscle contraction and explain why muscles need to work in antagonistic pairs. Give an example of an antagonistic pair of muscles. Describe and explain the long term benefits of exercise to include: -Decrease in resting heart rate -Increase in muscle size and strength -Increase in muscle enzymes increasing the efficiency -Strengthening of the ligaments and tendons -Increased flexibility in joints -Increased protection from heart attack