Bone Physiology

Parts of long bone Find and define the parts of a long bone. Page 190

Types of bones

Cross section of bone

Functions of bone Support: Bones provide a framework for the attachment of muscles and other tissues. Protection: Bones such as the skull and rib cage protect internal organs from injury. Movement: Bones enable body movements by acting as levers and points of attachment for muscles. Mineral storage: Bones serve as a reservoir for calcium and phosphorus, essential minerals for various cellular activities throughout the body. Blood cell production: The production of blood cells, or hematopoiesis, occurs in the red marrow found within the cavities of certain bones. Energy storage: Lipids, such as fats, stored in adipose cells of the yellow marrow serve as an energy reservoir.

Composition of bone matrix The composition of bone matrix is 1/3 organic and 2/3 inorganic matter. The organic matter, synthesized by the osteoblasts (bone-forming cells), is collagen and proteins like glycosaminoglycan, proteoglycan, and glycoprotiens. The inorganic matter is mostly crystallized calcium phosphate salts and calcium carbonate, and a few other minerals. Bone matrix is a composite which means it has characteristics of the hard, strong inorganic matter and some flexibility and give from the collagen.