The History of Medicine The History of Medicine Famous People Inventions Symbols

Early Surgeons b Evidence of primitive skull operations date back to 3500 B.C. b Records in Egyptian tombs indicate the existence of sanitation rules b Early medicine was more closely related to magic or religious rites medicine men witches quacks

The Father of Medicine b Hippocrates - born in Greece in 460 B.C. Wrote a set of medical standards now known as the Hippocratic OathWrote a set of medical standards now known as the Hippocratic Oath Stressed the importance of cleanliness and dietStressed the importance of cleanliness and diet discovered you could trace course of certain diseases by listen to the patient’s chestdiscovered you could trace course of certain diseases by listen to the patient’s chest

Modern Medical Pioneers b Andreas Vesalius b Gabriele Fallopius b William Harvey b Galen b Detailed studies of anatomy b anatomical terms b detailed studies of the heart b used pulse to measure patients health status

More Pioneers... b John Hunter... (founder scientific surgery) studied animal and human anatomy and was the first to introduce artificial feedings using a flexible tube passed into the stomach.

b W.T.G. Morton - introduced the use of ether as an anesthetic b Joseph Lister - laid the foundation for aseptic techniques b Walter Reed - discovered the cure for yellow fever

FAMOUS WOMEN IN HISTORY b Florence Nightingale - served in Crimean war, wealth family, founder nursing b Clara Barton - served in the civil war, founder of Red Cross in the USA b Elizabeth Blackwell - first female physician in the USA b Gerty Cori - first women to win Nobel Prize in field of medicine

More Famous Women in Medicine b Dr. Aletta Jacobs - Holland’s first female physician and founder of the first birth control clinic b Marie Curie - Nobel Prize winner for her discovery of the element radium, which later was used in the treatment of cancer b Trotula Platearius - author “Diseases of Women”

Nobel Prize Winners b Elias Metchinkoff - “Ways WBC’s protect from disease b Alexis Carrel - research in joining blood vessels together

Other Famous Practitioners b Holmes b Pasteur b Goldsmith b Coined the word anesthesia b Invented the process of pasteurization b Instituted nutritional training for med students

SYMBOLS of MEDICINE

b Caduceus - symbol of the medical profession - serpent was thought to have magical healing powers b Staff of Aesculapius - has only one serpent and is considered by some to be the more appropriate symbol of the medical profession

Medical Inventions...

bDbDbDbDr. Laennec - inventor of the stethoscope bAbAbAbAnton van Leeuwenhoek - amateur scientist inventor of the biconvex lens that led to the invention of the microscope bWbWilhelm Roentgen - discovered the x-ray or roentgen ray

Little known facts about sanitation

Ancient Egyptians rubbed urine in their skin to treat cuts and burns b b Urea is known to kill fungi and bacteria

Tooth brushing wasn’t part of the daily routine until WWII The first tooth brush was made in China in 1498 out of pigs hair.

One quarter of all women died in childbirth in Europe and America during the 17 – 19 th centuries by infections spread from unhygienic nurses

Remotes in hospital have been found to carry the MRSA bacteria