The Nervous System.  The central nervous system (CNS ) Brain cranial nerves spinal cord  The peripheral nervous system (PNS) Sensory (afferent) neurons.

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Presentation transcript:

The Nervous System

 The central nervous system (CNS ) Brain cranial nerves spinal cord  The peripheral nervous system (PNS) Sensory (afferent) neurons Motor (efferent) neurons

skull

Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain

The BBB is anatomical and physiological “barrier” between brain and circulation.  Molecular size  Lipid solubility  Molecular charge  Concentration differences  Specialized transport mechanism

Aluminum Neuropathy: degenerative changes in cortex Arsenic Neuropathy : axonal degeneration in PNS Methanol Neuropathy : degeneration in ganglion cells Methylmercury Neuropathy : neural degeneration Acrylamide Axonopathy : axonal degeneration Lead Neuropathy : brain swelling, axonal loss CarbontetrachlorideNeuropathy

 Motor neurons: Muscle dysfunction, paralysis  Interneurons: Memmory, learning coordination  Sensory neurons: Dysfunction in vision,hearing, and senses,temperature,pressure,touch,taste,smell and pain.

 Block the release of neurotransmitter (Botulinum).  Produce uncontrolled release of neurotransmittor.  Block impulse conduction along axons (anesthesia).  Activate synaptic function (nicotine).  Block synaptic function by interfering with normal calcium channel (lead, cobalt).  Block reuptake or breakdown of neurotrasmittor resulting in receptor overstimulation (cocaine).