Modifications and enhancements made by the teachers of “Foundations of Technology” Washington County Public Schools Chapter 7 Tools of Technology

Most PowerPoint's include in the following order: Suggestions - suggestive engagement activities / project for the chapter Voluntary State Curriculum objectives met within this chapter and pages of the book that correlate to these objectives. The long term objective for the course. The short term objective “Big Idea” for this chapter. Qualifier for learning the stated objectives. Lesson Procedures Warm Up –Timed Daily Reading –Timed Objectives to be written Introduction of an Academy or CTE Program Lesson (to include learner engaging activities) –Higher Order questioning –Timed group activities Place where you can work in Washington County with the skills learned in this chapter Review of Career Closure (exit ticket) –Review of Objectives –Homework Assignment –Study foundationsoftechnology.com foundationsoftechnology.com

Suggestions See document on teacher websiteteacher website Contact Lee RurackLee Rurack

Voluntary State Curriculum Chapter 7 VSCTerm Pages in Text Book 1.A.4 Explain that technology liberates us from demeaning and demanding labor and, therefore, creates more leisure C Develop an understanding of the relationship among technologies and the connections between technology and other fields of study D.2 Defend the proposition that the evolution of civilization has been directly affected by, and has been in turn affected, the development and use of tools and materials D.4 Analyze the development and use of technology in the pre- agricultural, industrial, and information ages D.4 Analyze the development and use of technology in the pre- agricultural, industrial, and information ages E Develop an understanding of the influence of technology on history E.1 Analyze how different cultures develop their own technologies to satisfy their individual and shared needs, wants and values. 146

Voluntary State Curriculum Chapter 7 VSCTerm Pages in Text Book 2.E.1 Analyze how different cultures develop their own technologies to satisfy their individual and shared needs, wants and values E.3 Explain that the evolution of civilization has been directly affected by, and has in turn affected the development of tools and materials E.7 Explain that the Middle Ages saw the development of many technological devices that produced long-lasting effects on technology and society E.9 Explain that the industrial Revolution saw the development of continuous manufacturing, sophisticated transportation and communication systems, advanced construction practices, and improved education and leisure time B.6 Explain constraints on the engineering design process. At Least: Safety, Reliability, Economic Considerations, Quality Control, Environmental Concerns, Manufacturability, Maintenance, Human Factors Engineering (Ergonomics) DSelect and use tools and equipment correctly and safely D.2Select and use tools based on the properties of materials F Develop abilities to use and maintain technological products and systems All 3.F.3 Operate systems so that they function in a way they were designed F.4 Troubleshoot, analyze and maintain systems to ensure safe and proper function and precision All 4.E.1 Identify and describe applications of electrical technology in the designed world. Such as: Generators, Electric motors, Alarm systems, Automobile electrical systems E.4 Analyze the magnetic effects of current (i.e., electromagnet) and the electric effects of magnets (i.e., motors) F.1 Identify an describe applications of electronic technology in the designed world. Such as: computers, Telephones, Radio and television D Develop an understanding of energy and power technologies D.1 Explain that energy cannot be created nor destroyed; however, it can be converted from one form to another E Develop an understanding of information and communication technologies E.1 Explain that information and communication systems include inputs, processes, and outputs associates with sending and receiving information FDevelop an understanding of transportation technologies465 5.GDevelop an understanding of manufacturing technologies134 5.G.6 Classify manufacturing systems as being customized production, batch production, or continuous production. 134

Voluntary State Curriculum Chapter 7 VSCTerm Pages in Text Book 3.F Develop abilities to use and maintain technological products and systems All 3.F.3Operate systems so that they function in a way they were designed F.4 Troubleshoot, analyze and maintain systems to ensure safe and proper function and precision All 4.E.1 Identify and describe applications of electrical technology in the designed world. Such as: Generators, Electric motors, Alarm systems, Automobile electrical systems E.4 Analyze the magnetic effects of current (i.e., electromagnet) and the electric effects of magnets (i.e., motors) F.1 Identify an describe applications of electronic technology in the designed world. Such as: computers, Telephones, Radio and television DDevelop an understanding of energy and power technologies D.1 Explain that energy cannot be created nor destroyed; however, it can be converted from one form to another

Voluntary State Curriculum Chapter 7 VSCTerm Pages in Text Book 5.E Develop an understanding of information and communication technologies E.1 Explain that information and communication systems include inputs, processes, and outputs associates with sending and receiving information FDevelop an understanding of transportation technologies465 5.GDevelop an understanding of manufacturing technologies134 5.G.6 Classify manufacturing systems as being customized production, batch production, or continuous production. 134

Objectives Over Arching (Long Term) Objective (s) … –The students will develop a basic understanding of the design world. –How would an improved technical awareness improve one’s life? This chapters “Essential Question, Big Idea” –The use of tools has improved our society in what ways? Students will be able to answer the daily objectives within this PowerPoint to a 70% degree of efficiency.

Technology ResourcesMaterials Teacher Computer, Projector, White board, Student Computers, Name Randomizer, Timer, Handouts, Project Materials  Instructional Procedures and Content Notes Silent Reading (7 minutes) – Slide is automatically timed Write Objectives (5 minutes) – Students write daily objectives in their notebooks. Leaving enough room to write the answers to the objectives at the end of class / Slide is automatically timed (Song may play to tie into the objectives) Chapter PowerPoint (35 minutes, approximately can go much longer or shorter) Teacher conducts interactive lecture with a PowerPoint slideshow while students take fast notes and participate in higher order questioning, and small group activities. PowerPoint also includes short video clips & web links. Desk Activity (10 minutes, Approximately) Vocabulary Students write each word multiple times and define each word. Test Your Knowledge Students answer designated summary questions for the chapter. Study with the FoundationsofTechnology.com websiteFoundationsofTechnology.com Projects / Computer Activity (28 minutes Approximately) Closure (Review of 5 minutes, Objectives Approximately) Homework: (if applicable) Finish Vocabulary / Objectives / Test Your Knowledge Study with the FoundationsofTechnology.com websiteFoundationsofTechnology.com Modifications to meet student needs (IEP, ILP, ELL and Special Needs) Modifications to meet student needs (Enrichment) Students with writing difficulties may write the objectives later. Slower students will be accommodated by being given the complete set of notes and ask to underline the key words other students are writing down. Slide shows are equipped to click on voice over buttons (created by advanced students,) so the slide show can be read to those who need it on an individual basis. Advanced students improve the PowerPoint lectures for various chapters. They add voice over, modify pictures, find movie clips, website links, etc, and can chose from a list of independent project challenges. Sources: Include electronic and printed materials as well as acknowledgement of any influence or guidance provided in the development of the lesson: Wright, R. Thomas. (2008). Technology. Illinois: The Goodheart-Willcox Company, Inc. Lesson Plan

Technology By R. Thomas Wright The Goodheart-Willcox Company, Inc. Tinley Park, Illinois PowerPoint Presentations for

Day 1 Read Pages Tools of Technology Chapter 7

Copy the following Big Idea “The use of tools has improved our society in what ways?” & Objectives 1.What are the categories of production tools used in technology? 2.What are the common characteristics of machine tools? 3.What are the six major types of machine tools?

Learning Objectives 1.What are the categories of production tools used in technology? 2.What are the common characteristics of machine tools? 3.What are the six major types of machine tools?

Tools of Technology Day 2 Read Pages Section 3 Chapter 7

Learning Objectives 4.What are three types of processing discussed in this chapter? 5.Name three types of information- processing tools or machines.. 6.Name a few basic guidelines for safely operating technological devices.

Learning Objectives 4.What are three types of processing discussed in this chapter? 5.Name three types of information- processing tools or machines.. 6.Name a few basic guidelines for safely operating technological devices.

Day 1

Production Tools Used in FOT

Processing The human ability to design and use tools provides the foundation for technology. Three major types of processing: Material processing. Material processing For example, changing lumber into plywood. Energy processing. Changing flowing water into hydroelectricity. Information processing. Telecommunications, printing, and the computer.

Machine Tools The world around us is full of artifacts made through material-processing. Fundamental to all material-processing is a group of tools called machine tools.machine tools Machine tools have some common characteristics like a cutting tool, a method of moving the tool or workpiece, and a method of supporting the tool and the workpiece.cutting tool

The Cutting Tool Share common requirements shown in image to right. Two basic types: single- point tool or multiple- point tool.single- point toolmultiple- point tool Single-point tools: hand tools, lathe-turning tools. Multiple-point tools: abrasive papers, grinding wheels.

Motion All cutting operations have two basic motions: cutting motion and feed motion.cutting motionfeed motion Three cutting motions: Rotating motion. Rotating motion Linear motion. Linear motion Reciprocating motion. Reciprocating motion

Support The types of cutting and feed motions used determine the support system needed. Different parts such as chucks, arbors, clamps, and machine tables can be used to provide support.chucksarbors Most parts support different movements and can be combined in different ways, depending on what support is needed.

Types of Machine Tools Hundreds of different machine tools exist. All machine tools can be grouped into six categories, however.

Turning Machines Turning machines use a process in which a workpiece is held and rotated on an axis. Lathes, a form of turning machines, are used primarily to machine wood and metal. All lathes contain four main parts: headstock, tailstock, bed, and tool rest or holder. Lathes are used to perform turning, tapering, facing, grooving, chamfering, parting, threading, and knurling.

Sawing Machines Sawing machines are designed to perform a number of different cutting actions, as shown in the image. The machines can be grouped into three basic types of saws: circular saws, band saws, and scroll saws. circular sawsband sawsscroll saws

Circular Saws Blade in the shape of a disk with teeth around the edge. Used for crosscutting, ripping, and combination cutting. Three basic types: table saw, radial saw, and chop saw. table sawradial sawchop saw

Band and Scroll Saws Band saws use a blade with teeth on one or both sides. The band may be either vertical or horizontal and may be held by vises and clamps or placed on a table. Scroll saws have teeth on just one edge of the blade and can also be either vertical or horizontal. They are supported primarily by a table.

Drilling Machines Cylindrical holes are common in parts and products. They can be produced by various drilling machines. Drilling machines can perform various operations through a few different machines like: twist drills, spade bits, and forstner bits.twist drillsspade bitsforstner bits

Drilling Machine Operations Drilling, counterboring, countersinking, and reaming are common drilling operations.

Shaping and Planing Machines Both shaping and planing machines:shaping Use single-point tools to produce flat surfaces on metal parts and products. Can cut on the face or side of a part. Can machine grooves into the surface. Are closely related to a broach.

Shaping and Planing Machines Shaping and planing machines move in opposite motions to produce similar effects.

Grinding Machines Grinding machines use bonded abrasives to cut material. Grinding machines The two most common are the cylindrical and surface grinders. The pedestal grinder is also used and is a manually run machine.

Class Work Answer Objectives # 1-3 Test Your Knowledge - Page # Work on projects Three Students to Answer Objectives Three StudentsAnswer Objectives Timer Homework - Vocabulary & Unfinished Work

Review What are the categories of production tools used in technology? Material processing Energy processing Information processing

Review What are the common characteristics of machine tools? Method of cutting, series of motions, and support of the tool and workpiece.

Review What are the six major types of machine tools? 1. Turning 2. Sawing 3. Drilling 4. Shaping 5. Planing 6. Grinding

Day 2

Energy-Processing Converters Energy conversion takes place through energy-processing converters. Energy conversion There are hundreds of energy-processing converters.energy-processing converters For example: changing mechanical energy into electrical energy through an electric generator. Three converters, the steam engine, the electric motor, and the internal combustion engine have had a big impact on technology.

The Early Steam Engine

The Watt Steam Engine Reciprocating steam engine. Used for industrial machines and transportation vehicles.

Discussion Why might steam engines not be as commonly used today?

Internal Combustion Engine Each stroke combined in a four-stroke engine completes a cycle.strokecycle

The Electric Motor Laws of magnetism and electromagnetism: Like magnets repel one another, unlike poles attract. Current flowing in wire creates electromagnetic field. The field magnet and armature are major parts of an electric motor.field magnet armature

Information-Processing Machines Information processing includes: Information processing Printing. Telecommunications. Telephone. Radio. Computers.

The Telephone and Radio The telephone converts sound into electrical energy. Use has been expanded from personal communication device to a data-transmission instrument. The radio uses radio waves that travel through the atmosphere and space. Used to carry information and entertainment.

Computers

Using Technology Safely In order to use technology safely: Use the correct tools. Remember proper operation. Seek advice as needed. Use only as directed. Never use when personal ability is impaired. Never work alone in case of an accident.

Safety with People Personal safety: Concentrate on your work. Dress properly to protect yourself. Think before acting. Ask questions when you are unsure. Safety around others: Avoid horseplay. Do not talk with anyone operating machinery. Do not misplace tools.

Safety with Materials Handle materials properly and with care. Check all materials for sharp burred edges and pointed ends. Place materials in well-ventilated areas, when necessary. Lift material properly. Clean up and dispose of spills and materials properly.

Safety with Tools and Machines Use only sharp tools and well-maintained machines. Return all tools and machines to proper places. Use the correct tools and machines for the correct job. Do not use any tool or machine without permission or proper instruction.

Career Corner Machinists. Interpret blueprints, set up machines, and produce precision parts. Most are trained through apprenticeship programs, on-the-job training, vocational schools, or community colleges. International Association of Machinists

Class Work Answer Objectives # 4-6 Test Your Knowledge - Page # 7-15 Work on projects Three Students to Answer Objectives Three StudentsAnswer Objectives Timer Homework - Vocabulary & Unfinished Work

Review What are three types of processing discussed in this chapter? 1. Material 2. Energy 3. Information processing.

Review Name three types of information-processing tools or machines. 1.The telephone 2. Radio 3. Computer.

Review Name a few basic guidelines for safely operating technological devices. Use the correct tools; remember proper operation; seek advice as needed; use only as directed; never use when personal ability is impaired; never work alone in case of an accident.

Key Terms Arbors spindles or shafts used to hold table saw blades and milling cutters. Armature the inner magnet in an electric motor. It is an electromagnet that can rotate. Band saw a saw that uses a blade made of a continuous strip or band of metal. These bands usually have teeth on one edge.

Key Terms Chop saw a circular saw used to cut narrow strips of material to length. Chucks attachments used to hold and rotate drills and router bits. Circular saws saws that use a blade in the shape of a disk with teeth arranged around the edge.

Key Terms Computer an information-processing machine that has changed the way we handle information. It can store information, and its programs can be changed. Cutting motion an action that causes material to be removed from a workpiece. Cutting tool a tool used in cutting actions.

Key Terms Cycle a complete set of motions needed to produce a surge of power. Cylindrical grinders grinders that use the lathe principle to machine a material. A workpiece is held in a chuck or between centers and rotated. A grinding wheel is rotated in the opposite direction.

Key Terms Drilling machines separating machines that produce or enlarge holes using a rotating cutter for the cutting motion. Energy conversion the changing of one form of energy into another. Energy-processing converters converters that process energy in various ways.

Key Terms Feed motion an action that brings new material in contact with a cutting tool and allows the cutting action to be continuous. Field magnet the stationary outer magnet used in electric motors. Forstner bits two-lipped woodcutters that produce flat-bottomed round holes.

Key Terms Grinding machines machines that use bonded abrasives to cut material. Information processing gathering, storing, manipulating, and retrieving information that can be found in books and photographs and on tape and film. Input unit a device used to enter data into a system.

Key Terms Lathes machines that produce a cutting motion by rotating the workpiece. Linear motion a cutting and feed motion in which the cutter or work moves in one direction along a straight line. Machine tools machines used to make other machines.

Key Terms Material processing changing the form of materials using tools and machines. Memory unit the section of the computer that holds information and instructions. Multiple-point tool a cutting device on which a series of single-point tools are arranged.

Key Terms Output unit a device used to display and record the results of the processing unit’s actions. Planing machines machine tools that produce flat surfaces. They move the workpiece back and forth under the tool to generate the cutting motion.

Key Terms Processing unit the part of the computer, also called a central processing unit (CPU) or microprocessor, that manipulates the data. Program the instructions a computer uses to process data and produce output. Radial saw a circular saw that moves a rotating blade across the workpiece.

Key Terms Reciprocating motion a back-and-forth movement. Rotating motion a motion that uses round cutters or spins a workpiece around an axis. Sawing machines machines that use blades with teeth to cut materials to desired sizes and shapes.

Key Terms Scroll saws saws with a blade that is a strip of metal with teeth on one edge. Shaping machines metalworking machine tools that produce flat surfaces. They move a single-point tool back and forth over the workpiece to produce the cutting motion. Single-point tool a simple cutting device with a cutting edge on the end or along the edge of a rod, bar, or strip.

Key Terms Spade bits flat cutters on the end of a shaft, used to drill holes. Stroke the movement of a piston from one end of a cylinder to another. Surface grinders grinding machines that work on the metal planer principle.

Key Terms Table saw a circular saw that uses a linear feed of the material. The workpiece is pushed into the rotating blade to generate the cut. Turning machines separating machines that rotate a workpiece against a single-point tool to produce a cutting motion. Twist drills shafts of steel with points on the ends to produce chips.