The Louisiana Purchase By Ryan Bilger & Jarred Ring

Early Louisiana History Originally colonized by France Originally colonized by France Given up to Spain after French and Indian War Given up to Spain after French and Indian War Treaty of Fontainebleau Treaty of Fontainebleau Americans still allowed to settle in Spanish Louisiana Americans still allowed to settle in Spanish Louisiana

Quasi-War/XYZ Affair: Early Controversy Between United States and France Quasi-War: Unofficial war where French ships attacked American ships in 1797 Quasi-War: Unofficial war where French ships attacked American ships in 1797 XYZ Affair- French government bribing American government for an end to the quasi-war; XYZ Affair- French government bribing American government for an end to the quasi-war; Caused massive uproar among anti- French Americans Caused massive uproar among anti- French Americans

Treaty of San Ildefonso September 30, 1800 September 30, 1800 Louisiana given back to France from Spain Louisiana given back to France from Spain Spain supposed to get a French kingdom in Italy, but it was never handed over Spain supposed to get a French kingdom in Italy, but it was never handed over Treaty supposed to be secret; still found out about by Americans, and the Senate was notified by Thomas Jefferson Treaty supposed to be secret; still found out about by Americans, and the Senate was notified by Thomas Jefferson

Slave Rebellion in St. Domingue St. Domingue- French colony in present- day Haiti St. Domingue- French colony in present- day Haiti Led by Toussaint L’Overture Led by Toussaint L’Overture Napoleon sent over 40,000 soldiers to fight rebels Napoleon sent over 40,000 soldiers to fight rebels French soldiers decimated by yellow fever, forced troops to withdraw French soldiers decimated by yellow fever, forced troops to withdraw Most French defeated in 1802 Most French defeated in 1802

Napoleon’s Desire to Sell Louisiana Loss of St. Domingue diminished Napoleon’s opinion of Louisiana Loss of St. Domingue diminished Napoleon’s opinion of Louisiana Thought it was useless without St. Domingue as a jumping-off point Thought it was useless without St. Domingue as a jumping-off point Wanted to ease tension with United States after XYZ Affair Wanted to ease tension with United States after XYZ Affair Prepared to offer territory to American diplomats in France Prepared to offer territory to American diplomats in France

Jefferson Appoints Negotiators Livingston appointed “Resident Minister at the Court of Napoleon” in 1801 Livingston appointed “Resident Minister at the Court of Napoleon” in 1801 Monroe appointed “Envoy Extraordinary” in 1803 Monroe appointed “Envoy Extraordinary” in 1803 Jefferson notified the Senate of these positions in a January 1803 message Jefferson notified the Senate of these positions in a January 1803 message Both would negotiate the treaty with Napoleon Both would negotiate the treaty with Napoleon

The Offers for Louisiana Monroe was to offer $9,375,000 to buy New Orleans and Florida Monroe was to offer $9,375,000 to buy New Orleans and Florida Napoleon offered entire Louisiana Territory for $22,500,000 Napoleon offered entire Louisiana Territory for $22,500,000 Monroe and Livingston counter-offer $8,000,000 Monroe and Livingston counter-offer $8,000,000 Napoleon offers $16,000,000, Americans offer $12,000,000 Napoleon offers $16,000,000, Americans offer $12,000,000

Louisiana Purchase Treaty France agrees to sell Louisiana for $15,000,000; price confirmed in First Convention France agrees to sell Louisiana for $15,000,000; price confirmed in First Convention Rate of 6 cents per acre Rate of 6 cents per acre First signed by Livingston and Monroe for the United States in April 1803 First signed by Livingston and Monroe for the United States in April 1803 Louisiana Territory and all French public/government buildings included Louisiana Territory and all French public/government buildings included

Louisiana Purchase Treaty (cont.) Over 800,000 acres of land added Over 800,000 acres of land added Gave U.S. access to the Mississippi River, but France and Spain were still allowed to import; economy boost Gave U.S. access to the Mississippi River, but France and Spain were still allowed to import; economy boost Money for purchase loaned from a British bank Money for purchase loaned from a British bank Treaty passed by Congress on October 20, 1803 Treaty passed by Congress on October 20, 1803

Louisiana Purchase Immediate Aftermath U.S. occupied Louisiana in December, 1803 after Spain gave it over to France days before U.S. occupied Louisiana in December, 1803 after Spain gave it over to France days before Napoleon’s North American empire was gone; he eventually lost his European empire as well Napoleon’s North American empire was gone; he eventually lost his European empire as well Spain angered by what France had done, but they had no power to change it Spain angered by what France had done, but they had no power to change it

Louisiana Purchase Immediate Aftermath (cont.) Lewis and Clark explored the territory from Lewis and Clark explored the territory from Development would displace many natives, as well as change the lives of French and Spanish in the area Development would displace many natives, as well as change the lives of French and Spanish in the area

Louisiana Purchase Today Land is now home to many species of animals Land is now home to many species of animals New cities built/further developed in LA territory e.g. St. Louis, MO; Kansas City, MO; Omaha, NE New cities built/further developed in LA territory e.g. St. Louis, MO; Kansas City, MO; Omaha, NE Land makes up all or parts of 15 states Land makes up all or parts of 15 states Contains some of Yellowstone National Park Contains some of Yellowstone National Park

Thomas Jefferson- Did he overstep his bounds? During negotiations, he didn’t have the power to buy the land During negotiations, he didn’t have the power to buy the land Nothing in the Constitution about land acquisitions Nothing in the Constitution about land acquisitions Jefferson himself said he didn’t have the authority; knew it was important acquisition, so he went through with it Jefferson himself said he didn’t have the authority; knew it was important acquisition, so he went through with it Eventually given authority by Congress to acquire Louisiana Territory in Oct. 1803Eventually given authority by Congress to acquire Louisiana Territory in Oct Lasting impact on Federal Power Lasting impact on Federal Power

Impact on Federal Power Purchase seen as beginning of expansion of federal power Purchase seen as beginning of expansion of federal power Strengthened federal government; gave them more power to do what they wanted Strengthened federal government; gave them more power to do what they wanted Constitution interpreted more loosely by future governments Constitution interpreted more loosely by future governments Examples of growing federal power’s impact throughout history: Examples of growing federal power’s impact throughout history: Federal power vs. states’ rights argument during Civil WarFederal power vs. states’ rights argument during Civil War Franklin Roosevelt’s New DealFranklin Roosevelt’s New Deal Barack Obama’s healthcare reformBarack Obama’s healthcare reform