The Arab-Israeli Conflict

Introduction: the postwar situation Zionist organizations supported GB: the Jewish Brigade in Rome

I- The postwar era A- The UN vote of the Partition of Palestine and the Civil War B- The Declaration of Independence and the War of Independence C- The beginning of a long crisis: the Arab refugees

The Zionists resumed their fight against the British presence in Palestine: terrorist bombing of the King David’s Hotel (1946), Britain’s headquarter

1945: Creation of the Arab League, in Egypt: their only point of agreement is to prevent the creation of a Jewish state

A decisive problem exploited by the USSR: the Jewish Displaced Persons (DPs) in postwar Europe

DPs camps in Europe and refugees trying to find family members

The Exodus: Holocaust refugees forced back to Germany by GB; others sent to Cyprus detention camps

Nov. 29 th 1947: the UN General Assembly voted the Partition of Palestine

Abd al-Kader al-Huseini Fawzi al-Kaukji

The Civil War: Nov. 30 th 1947 to May 14 th 1948 The Deir Yassin massacre, Apr. 9 th 1948, by the Irgun

Israel’s Declaration of Independence: May 15 th 1948

David Ben Gurion: Prime Minister and Min. of Defense Moshe Shertok / Sharett: Foreign Minister

War of Independence, May 15 th Jan. 17 th 1948

Israel’s victory: the armistice lines of Jan.-Feb Israel,

Israel’s paranoia: a geographic explanation

The refugee crisis: the Arab Naqba (catastrophe)

II- The 1950s: from missed opportunities to the Suez Crisis A- The aftermath of the War of Independence: between hopes and turmoil B- The Suez Crisis Oct. 30 th - Nov. 7 th 1956: Arab-Israeli war, decolonization war, or proxy to the Cold War? C upheavals and the US-USSR reassessment of the Middle East

Refugees settled in camps in neighboring countries

King Adbullah of Jordan assassinated: July 1951

Nasser and the Free Officers

The Baghdad Pact: a Middle Eastern version of NATO

Nasser’s provocations: rapprochement with the USSR

The Sinai Campaign, Oct. 30 th – Nov. 7 th 1956

III- The 1960s: from missed opportunities to the Six-Day War A- The “Arab Cold War”: inter-Arab rivalries B- The road to war: the Jordan waters dispute, the Fedayeen’s raids and the Israeli retaliations C- The Six-Day War and its aftermath

The Arab Cold War: revolutionary Pan-Arabism vs. traditional conservative dynasties

Main weapons in the 1960s in the Arab-Israeli conflict: French Mirage and Soviet MiG

1963: the Cairo conference 1964: the PLO is created

Prime Minster Levy Eshkol after he resigned from the Defense Ministry, with his replacement Moshe Dayan

The Six-Day War: surprise attack and conquest of the Sinai June 5 th -8 th

The Six-Day War: the Jordanian front, June 5 th to 7 th

The Six-Day War: the Syrian front, June 9 th to 10 th

The Khartoum Arab summit, Sept. 1967: the 3 NOs

IV- The October War and the Israeli Egyptian Peace Treaty A- The War of Attrition B- The emergence of a Palestinian resistance: Black September, 1970 C- The surprise attack of October 1973 and its aftermath: the Camp David accords, 1979

Nasser hands over the Palestinian question to Arafat

Black September, 1970: Jordanian strikes on the PLO

Black September, 1970

Nasser reconciled Arafat and King Hussein

Nasser’s funerals

Anwar al-Sadat succeeded to Nasser

The October War

Carter’s shuttle diplomacy at Camp David

The first Arab-Israeli peace accords, March 1979, Washington DC

Sadat’s assassination