Note Page 23

Union army launched several attacks on Confederate lines, but were repeatedly driven back Confederacy then went on offensive, broke Union lines, and forced them to flee back to DC Confed. General Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson got his nickname for holding his ground

DG Farragut Led his forces right past all of the Confederate forts.  Forced everyone to Surrender  Butler took over the city And declared martial law

McClellan got within 15 miles of CSA capital Richmond Lee attacked And there was Fighting for 7 Days Lee and Jackson Drove back Union forces

Antietam (also known as Sharpsburg MD) is the bloodiest day in Civil War history No clear victory but stops the CSA invasion and Brit and France refuse to recognize the CSA

With Northern casualties rising to staggering levels, Northerners began to push for slavery to end Lincoln promised that if Union troops could drive CSA forces out of Union territory, then he would issue a proclamation ending slavery Sept he issued Emancipation Proclamation that freed all enslaved people in that rebelling states

The tide turned in the War when the Union won pivotal battles in the West at Vicksburg and in the East at Gettysburg The Notes start Here

Why? It was part of the Union’s strategy to gain control of the Mississippi River Vicksburg remained the last Confederate stronghold on the river and if captured, the Union could divide CSA in two How? After two failed attempts, Union general Grant moved his troops South down the river on the opposite side and then crossed the river

Once he crossed the river, he sent Benjamin Grierson out on a raid of the Miss. Countryside to distract the Confed. troops Grants troops marched East and were forced to use Foraging (searching and raiding for food) to survive They took the town of Jackson before heading back to Vicksburg May 1863, Grant tried twice to take Vicksburg but failed The only way to take the city was by SIEGE or to cut off its food and supply lines and bombard the city until its defenders gave up On July 4, 1863 the Confed. commander surrendered

Battle of Vicksburg

After Union victory at Antietam, Lincoln grew frustrated with McClellan because he let Lee’s army slip away He then failed to advance and capture Richmond McClellan replaced by Ambrose Burnside Burnside had high Union Casualties at Fredericksburg and Was replaced by Joseph Hooker

Lee wanted to launch a CSA invasion into Northern territory to gain European support June 1863, Lee marched into Pennsylvania Troops seized livestock, food, and clothing Hooker failed to stop Lee and was replaced by General George Meade Union and Confed. troops met near the town of Gettysburg, PA on July 1, 1863

On July 2 Lee attacks but the Union troops held their ground in the hills; Cemetery Ridge On July 3 Lee orders 15,000 men under General Pickett and Hill to make a massive uphill assault; “Pickett’s Charge” Union forces from the Ridge fired canons and guns on the chargers and inflicted 7,000 casualties in less than half an hour Less than 5,000 Confederates made it up the ridge and those that did were overwhelmed by Union forces Lee gathered his troops on July 4 and retreated back to Virginia; North Wins!

General Meade had stopped the CSA invasion into Northern territory Gettysburg became the farthest North the Confederates made it, and turned the tide of the war (at same time Vicksburg surrendered) Two armies left behind a town in ruins and 51,000 killed and wounded Governor of Penn. Purchased 17 acres of the battlefield to make a military cemetery

November 1863, Lincoln came to Gettysburg to dedicate part of the battlefield as a military cemetery His Speech, Gettysburg Address, reminded listeners that the war was to uphold the belief that all men were created equal; “of the people, by the people, and For the people” Gettysburg Address Rap by Peter DiLalla

After Vicksburg, fighting began near Chattanooga Tenn. Over a vital Railroad junction Grant captured Chattanooga in 1863 and the Union controls RR going South to Atlanta and that cleared the way for Sherman's march to the sea After this victory, Lincoln names Grant the general in chief of all the Union forces as Lieutenant general, a rank no one has had since Washington

Grant determined to march South while attacking Lee’s forces to make the South surrender Battle near Fredericksburg, in the Wilderness- dense woods- fought for two days, woods caught fire and choked combatants (Grant won) Grant continued South and attacked Confed. at Spotsylvania; 11 days fighting, often hand to hand which traumatized many (Grant won) Savage combats, advances and retreats, and the digging of trenches with no breaks or reinforcements Cold Harbor; Grant launched assault on Lee and lost 7,000 men compared to Lee’s 1,500

Grant moves through and destroys Richmond, then to Petersburg Petersburg protected by miles of barricades 20 feet thick Ditches in front of Confed. lines 15 ft. deep Full-scale frontal assault would be suicidal Grant ordered the city to be put under siege Lee eventually retreats and surrenders at Appomattox Court House April 9, 1865

William Tecumseh Sherman (Union) occupied and destroyed Atlanta (burnt 1/3 of city) before marching from Atlanta to Savannah destroying 12 cities on the way Total War= destroyed crops, rail lines, buildings, supplies etc. Sherman wanted to make the “old and young, rich and poor, feel the hard hand of war” Troops moved North from Savannah into SC burning and pillaging (looting) everything they found

Lincoln is reelected and takes this as a clear sign that his voters wanted to end slavery permanently with an amendment Jan. 31, 1865 the 13 th Amendment, which banned slavery, narrowly passed the House and went to the states for ratification Apr. 9, 1865 Lee surrenders Apr. 14, 1865, Lincoln attends a play at the Ford’s Theatre He is shot in the back of the head and killed by John Wilkes Booth

North victory strengthened the power of the Federal government over the States Transformed society by ending slavery Left the South economically and socially devastated How would be put the Union back together again???

Note Page 23