Early Homes – Native Americans – 17 th Century Mrs. Wagner Fashion & Interior Design

Native Americans 2 Main influences – Environment & Culture Common Characteristics: - Dirt Floors - No Windows/Chimney - Dark, Smokey & Crowded - Open Fire – Cooking/Warmth - Little Furniture

Types of Native American Housing Teepee/Wigwam – Hunters – easily moved Longhouse – Farming Tribes – permanent villages: Rectangular frame with barrel shaped roof – several families used Pueblos – houses built on top of each other into cliffs, caves and on level ground. Made from Adobe – clay formed into sun- dried bricks

Wigwams

Longhouses

Pueblo

Early Colonist English Styles - Jamestown VA, Plymouth MA – 1 st Settlements Good examples at Colonial Williamsburg, VA.

1. Half-Timbered House - Wood frame of the house formed part of outside wall – filled with brick or plaster - Thatch Roofs – bundles of reeds or straw - Shingles – thin oblong pieces of wood, laid in overlapping rows- cover roofs & sides - Clapboards – boards with one edge thicker than the other – laid in overlapping rows.

Thatch Roof

Shingles & Clapboards

2. Cape Cod House (NE) Simple rectangular design – 4 rooms 1 – ½ stories – Wood siding, central doorway and small paned windows with shutters Central Chimney Pitched or Gable Roof – forms a triangle at ends (gables) – Symmetrical Gambrel Roof – 2 slopes on each side – upper slope being flatter – allowed more space on 2 nd Story – Called Cape Ann

Cape Cod with Gable Roof

Cape Cod (Ann) with Gambrel Roof

3. Saltbox 2 Story house with pitched roof with 1 story added (lean-to) and roof extended Named after boxes that colonist used to store salt in.

4. The Garrison House 2 nd Story overhangs and projects from the 1 st Story – borrowed from medieval English Architecture Gable Roof & Central fireplace Wood siding on walls and corners of overhang are decorated with hand- carved brackets

German Influence Built in Pennsylvania – called Pennsylvania Dutch Colonial Homes Large houses with wood and quarry/field stone Small roof ledges called Hoods or Pent Roofs - between the first & 2 nd floors

Pent Roof

Dutch Influence Dutch Colonial Stone and Brick houses – up to 5 stories Decorative Brick work & intricate steeped gables Dormers – Structures projecting through roof – add windows Dutch doors – divided in ½ horizontally Wide Front Porch – roof extends over Common in NY & Delaware Gambrel roof or steep pitched gable roofs, central entrance, non centered chimney, small paned windows and shutters

Swedish Influence Log Cabin 0- 2 rooms with attic/loft As people moved westward – cleared lands for farming – used trees for housing.

Spanish Influence Florida – SW White or tinted Stucco Walls- plaster material made of cement, sand & limestone Low pitched tile roofs Coquina – soft porous limestone composed of shells & coral Rectangular with balconies Adobe walls

French Style NY State, Canada High steep roofs Small windows with heavy shutters French Normandy – earliest style: Rectangular with hip roofs or gable roofs with central turret 1 ½ - 2 ½ stories high with brick stone or stucco walls – some half-timbered South – added balconies – LA – and Plantation style added large porches

French Normandy Style

French Plantation House/LA Style