The Northern Colonies The Main Idea The pilgrims founded colonies in Massachusetts based on Puritan religious ideals, while dissent led to the founding of other New England colonies. Reading Focus Why did the Puritans flee England? How did dissent among the Puritans threaten the New England colonies? What was life like in New England?

Puritans Flee to Freedom  Church of England was the official church of the land People had to attend church and pay taxes to support the church Dissenters were fined and put in prison  Puritans wanted to “purify” the Church of England. Wanted simpler church service Objected to the wealth and power of bishops  Separatists were more strict Puritans. Wanted to remove all traces of Catholicism Wanted total separation from the Church of England

Plymouth Colony  Separatists moved to the Netherlands in 1608  Wars in Europe, wanted to move somewhere to start their own society  Led by William Bradford, 35 Separatists joined 66 others on the Mayflower in  They were supposed to land in an established colony….accident that they did not?  Mayflower Compact  Founded Plymouth Colony near present-day Boston  Colony never grew very large

Massachusetts Bay Colony  Puritan merchants formed Massachusetts Bay Company.  In 1630 John Winthrop set out with 11 ships and 700 people for New England.  This colony grew faster than Plymouth.  Success of Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay colonies inspired the Great Migration.  Over 20,000 English men and women came to settle in New England.

Dissent among the Puritans  Dissenters (people who disagreed) left Massachusetts Bay Colony, settled new towns.  Thomas Hooker settled in Connecticut gave voting rights to all free men  Roger Williams, believed in tolerance and separation of church and government Said settlers should BUY land from natives 1636 gov. ordered him arrested & returned to England He fled, founded Providence (Rhode Island) with land he bought from natives

Dissent among the Puritans  Anne Hutchinson Believed that people did not need a minister to be spiritual. Banished from Mass. Bay, went to Providence with her followers Ironically…. Although founded on the principal of “religious freedom”, the Puritan colonies did not necessarily allow freedom of religious expression amongst their citizens….

Life in New England Most were royal colonies (ruled by king). In town meetings church members and land owners voted on local matters. Educat ion Believe in educating boys and girls, but boys had more opportunity Started colleges like Harvard and Yale Government No longer needed natives for survival; natives now had guns. Some Puritans felt it was their duty to drive the Native Americans out or kill them. Land conflicts caused Pequot War and King Philip’s War. Both nearly wiped out the Native Americans involved. Native Americans

Massachusetts Trivia  Pilgrims called themselves “saints”  Nearly half of settlers died the first year  Squanto – native who helped Pilgrims had been to Europe serving as a slave; when he returned, his people were dead  Mass Bay referred to as “City on a Hill” – a model society  Mass Bay started: free education, 2 house government, printing books, trial by jury, modern corporation system

Relations with Natives  Pequot War – 1637 in CT, Pequots nearly wiped out by colonists and native allies Natives set fire to the fort, shot those trying to escape, natives allies were upset.  King Philip’s War – 1675 – Metacom (King Philip) organized alliance of natives, starvation, disease and casualties wore them down Metacom killed by a native ally of colonists, his head was on display for 20 years