05/09/20101 The Great Awakening: 18 th Century America “From the Reformation to the Constitution” Bill Petro your friendly neighborhood historian www.billpetro.com/v7pc.

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Presentation transcript:

05/09/20101 The Great Awakening: 18 th Century America “From the Reformation to the Constitution” Bill Petro your friendly neighborhood historian

05/09/20102 Objectives By the end of this session you should be able to Trace development of the Great Awakening Identify the key players: 3 W’s Outline the life of Jonathan Edwards

05/09/20103 American Church History ColonialNationalModern CalvinismArminianism Biblistic Rationalism Liberalism Subjectivism Existentialism Theocentrism Anthropocentrism Liberalism

05/09/20104 Revivalism 1.God’s saints are revived 2.They share their faith locally 3.Missionary enterprise beyond the locale 4.Social outreach

05/09/20105 Colonies: 1750

05/09/20106 Middle Colonies Course of Awakening 1720’s: Theodore Fruelinghausen N. New Jersey Dutch pastor – Rariton River Valley He noticed some of his Deacons were becoming converted New Brunswick, NJ – Presbyterians William Tennent and his Irish sons

05/09/20107 William Tennent Presbyterian evangelist Log College

05/09/20108 Northern Course of Awakening : Connecticut River Valley - Congregationalists: Northampton to the Atlantic Died down for 3 years Enflamed under Whitefield: Boston, Salem, Portsmouth, all of New England Leadership and writings of Jonathan Edwards

05/09/20109 “Evangelicalism” Premise: conversion, “new birth” Puritans: public profession 1730s, 40s: “Awakenings” Colonies, England, Wales, Scotland Mass conversions, open air preaching of the Word Split churches: “New Lights/New Side” vs. “Old Lights/Old Side”

05/09/ Southern Course of Awakening Presbyterians in N. Virginia Baptists (Separate Congregationalists) in New England (Connecticut) expands to Separate Baptists in N. Carolina From 6,000 – 20,000 in 3 years, foundation of Southern Baptists

05/09/ Baptists In America since 17 th century Galvanized by Great Awakening

05/09/ The 3 W’s Whitefield EdWardsWesley

05/09/ George Whitefield In 1738 made 1st of 7 visits to the America Ordained Anglican “Great Itinerant” Member of Wesley’s Oxford “Holy Club” Popular as G. Washington Huge crowds: 30,000

05/09/ Preaching in the Field Collapsible Field pulpit

05/09/ The New Birth John 3:1-8 Whitefield: “How this glorious Change is wrought in the Soul cannot easily be explained."

05/09/ Ben Franklin on Whitefield Heard Whitefield preach in Colonies & England: Philadelphia Hall Georgia orphanage Size of crowds Pleased with discourse

05/09/ John Wesley “a brand plucked from the burning”

05/09/ Wesley vs. Whitefield Son of Anglican rectorSon of tavern keeper Strict religious upbringingWorldly influences Conversion: Aldersgate, 35Oxford, 21 Preaching: Intellectual, doctrinalDramatic, emotional Arminian (semi-Augustinian)Calvinistic Exceptional organizerExceptional preacher

05/09/ Methodism Hierarchical Episcopal

05/09/ Methodists: Francis Asbury Leader in 2 nd Great Awakening

05/09/201021

05/09/ Jonathan Edwards Interpreter of and apologist for the Great Awakening

05/09/ First Churches, Northampton Fifth Meeting House

05/09/ Jonathan Edwards In memory of Jonathan Edwards Minister of Northampton From Feb 15, 1727 to June 22, 1750 “The law of truth was in his mouth, and iniquity was not found in his lips: he walked with me in peace and equity, and did turn many away from iniquity” Malachi 2:6

05/09/ Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God. Enfield, July 8, 1741

05/09/ Revival of Northampton

05/09/ Jonathan Edwards, A Life

02/14/201028

05/09/ “Denominationalism” Primary expression of American Christianity, post 1740’s Based, in part, on freedom to differ Denomination vs. Sect Inclusive vs. Exclusive The true church cannot be identified with any single ecclesiastical structure Seed planted by Reformers: not of bishops but of believers Architected by Congregationalists at Westminster Assembly

05/09/ Effects of the Great Awakening 80% of Americans unified in common understanding of Christian life and faith Dissent/dissenters enjoyed greater respect: Baptists, Methodists, Presbyterians Emphasis on education: Univ. of Penn, UNC

05/09/ Effects of the Great Awakening, cont Preaching to Indians and Slaves Reinterpreted Covenant: man’s response Dissolution of Theocracy: disestablishment in VA & NC, democratization Breakdown in theological consensus: New/Old Lights

05/09/ Word Summary PilgrimsSeparatists PuritansSaints DenominationsInclusive WhitefieldDramatic WesleyMethodism EdwardsGlory Great AwakeningFire

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