Oromia Region: Environmental and livestock characteristics Ed Rege, ILRI 25 February 2003

Introduction  Total area = 366,000 Sq. Km; 32% of the country  Geographical diversity: Land elevation from 500 to 4300m asl  Human population = 19 Million; 90% in the rural areas  Richest in livestock resources

Zones of Oromia Region Borana Arsi West Hararge East Hararge Bale North Shoa East Shoa West Shoa Jimma East Wellega West Wellega Illubabor

Main characteristics Environmental characteristics  Agro-ecological Zone  Production system Livestock characteristics  Livestock density  Types of species  Prevalence of diseases

Agro-ecological zone  Dega – Highland ( m asl)  Weina Dega – Midland ( m asl)  Kolla – Lowland ( m asl)

Agro-ecological zone (cont.) Kolla (Lowland) Weina Dega (Midland) Dega (Highland) Agro-ecological zones Source: Ethiopian Mapping Agency and Ministry of Agriculture 2000

Agro-ecological zone (cont.) Kolla (Lowland) Weina Dega (Midland) Dega (Highland) Percentages of selected households by agro-ecological zone

Livestock density  Low – 1 to 50 animals/km 2  Medium – 51 to 100 animals/km 2  High – 101 to 200 animals/km 2  Very high – > 200 animals/km 2

Livestock density (cont.) Low = 1-50 Medium = High = Very high = >200 Livestock density (no/km²)

Livestock density (cont.) Low = 1-50 animals/km 2 Medium = ‘’ High = ‘’ Very high = >200 ‘’ Percentages of selected households by livestock density

Livestock density agro- ecological zone by Very High LowMedium High Livestock density DegaWeina DegaKolla

Production system  Crop-livestock systems  Agro-Pastoralists systems  Pastoralists systems

Production system (cont.) Crop- livestock systemsAgro-pastoralistPastoralist

Production system by zone No. ofCrop-livestock ZonehouseholdssystemAgro-pastoralistPastoralist Borana Bale Arsi East Shoa West Hararge East Hararge North Shoa West Shoa East Wollega Jimma Illubabor West Wollega1991< 1- Production system Percentages of selected households by Zone and agro-ecological zone

Production system by agro- ecological zone

Livestock species Percentages of households owning species of livestock %

Livestock species by agro- ecological zone

Livestock species by production system Percentages of households owning species of livestock by production system

Prevalence of diseases of cattle by agro-ecological zone Blackleg Anthrax FMD Skin diseases Pasteurollosis Bloat Tryps Mastitis CBPP Lung diseases Internal parasites Other diseases Dega Weina Dega Kolla %

Prevalence of diseases of cattle by livestock density Blackleg Anthrax FMD Skin diseases Pasteurollosis Bloat Tryps Mastitis CBPP Lung diseases Internal parasites Other diseases Low Medium High Very high %

Prevalence of diseases of cattle by Zone Percentages of households reporting prevalences of diseases by Zone

Conclusions  In general livestock density is higher in highland areas than in midland and lowland areas  Crop-livestock systems are the predominant production system in the Region  Agro-pastoralist and pastoralist are more often found in lowland areas  Nearly all the selected households kept cattle  Most species are found in all agro-ecological zones. Camels are predominantly found in lowland areas and horses in highland areas

Conclusions (cont.)  Cattle, sheep and donkeys occur in all production systems. Goats and camels tend to occur more often in pastoralist systems, and horses in crop-livestock systems  Blackleg was reported to be the most prevalent disease, followed by anthrax. Trypanosomosis was more prevalent in lowland areas. Prevalence of mastitis increased with livestock density