The Ancient Texans Ch. 3, Section 1
I.Prehistory:the period of time before writing was developed A. People first came to the Western Hemisphere 35,000years ago. B. Asians migrated across a land bridge, the Bering Strait. C. Why?hunting for food (followed the herds of animals) and warmer weather D. Humans first reached Texas about 11,500years ago.
Early Native American Migration
Bering Straight Shrinking of Bering Land Bridge
E. Before written records were kept, how did people pass down their history to the next generation? Stories & pictographs Click here for online Pictograph Site
Era #1 Paleolithic (Stone Age) 15 to 8 thousand years ago Leanderthal Lady: female remains found near Leander, Texas that are about 10,000 years old Leanderthal Lady Link Leanderthal Lady Link #2
Food Mastadon Mammoth giant bison, rabbits, squirrels, birds
Prehistoric Mammals Wooly Mammoth
Wooly Mammoth
Mastadon
Mastadon How are Mastadons different from Wooly Mammoths? Mastadons are smaller in size. different tooth formation smaller, straighter tusks
Weapons & Tools atlatl Flint-tipped spears & darts BPS Engineering Atlatl Web Site World Atlatl Organization Web Site Atlatl Web Site
Shelter Caves (rock shelter) or out in the open Nomadic or Settled Nomadic and lived in small groups
Add to top of next era-- Midland Minnie: female remains found near Midland, Texas that are about 8,000 years old
Era #2 Nomadic or Settled Archaic 8,000 years ago Climate became warmer & drier.
Food Hunted smaller game: buffalo, elk, bear, rabbits, squirrels, birds Foraged: berries, nuts, seeds, roots Buffalo Jump
Ice-age bison, such as this long-horned Bison latifrons, were twice as big as the bison (Bison bison) that live in South Dakota today. They died out about seven thousand years ago. Smaller bison took their place
Weapons & Tools Tools Axes, picks, drills, choppers, scrappers, and grinding tools made of stone or bone
Shelter Caves or out in the open Decorated caves with pictographs Nomadic or Settled Nomadic: They would stay in one area longer, but they were always searching for food. They began to domesticate animals (dogs).
Rock Shelter On ceiling of rock shelter
Era #3 Mesoamerican years ago (100 A.D.)
Food Developed: Peanuts, corn, tomatoes, beans, pumpkins, squash, cotton Agriculture Hunted: buffalo & turkey
Weapons & Tools Developed:bow & arrow Tools & Pottery
Shelter Crude wood and stone houses Nomadic or Settled Settled in villages More complex society: workers, warriors, leaders, farmers
Why did this period (and all Prehistory in Texas) end? Spanish explorers arrived, and they kept written records (journals)…ending Prehistory.