Opening Activity Do you think the following Scripture passage is fine the way it is, or would you like to change it to say something else?  For we hold that a man is justified by faith apart from works of law. ~Romans 3:28 If you think you’d like to change it, then explain…  Why you think it’s okay to change the passage  What changes you made  Why you made the changes you did If you think you don’t need to change it  Explain why you believe it’s not okay to change the passage

AND WHEN WAS YOUR CHURCH FOUNDED? Who Founded Your Church?

St. James United Church of Christ Group: United Church of Christ Founder: Various Year: 1957 AD

Hamburg Assembly of God Group: Pentecostal Founders: Charles Parham, William Seymour Date Founded: 1900 AD

Wesleyan Church of Hamburg Group: Wesleyan Founder: John & Charles Wesley, Orange Scott Year: 1843 AD

First Baptist Church of Hamburg Group: Baptist Founder: John Smyth Year: 1605

Hamburg Presbyterian Church Group: Presbyterian Founder: John Knox, John Calvin Year: 1560 AD

Trinity Episcopal Church Group: Episcopal/ Anglican Founder: Samuel Seabury, Henry VIII Year: 1534 AD

All Saints Lutheran Church Group: Lutherans Founder: Martin Luther Year: 1517 AD

SS Peter & Paul Church Group: Catholic Church Founder: Jesus Christ Year: 33 AD

REFORMATION OR REVOLUTION? The Protestant Uprising

Protestant Reformation…OR Revolution? Reformation:  To reform something from within, to make it better Revolution:  To destroy & replace the old with something new & completely different Martin Luther is the man who started Protestantism, but what did he advocate? Reformation or Revolution?

What Luther Actually Said… “I have cast the die; I now despise the rage of the [Catholic Church] as much as I do their favor. I will not reconcile myself to them for all eternity, nor have anything to do with them. Let them condemn & burn all that belongs to me. In return, I also will do as much for them; otherwise I could not kindle the fire that is to condemn & burn, before the eyes of the worlds, the whole Papal system” (Letter to his friend Spalatian, 1520) “If I succeed in doing away with the Mass, then I shall believe I have completely conquered the Pope. If the sacrilegious & cursed custom of the Mass is overthrown, then the whole must fall” (Letter to Henry VIII, 1522) Luther was advocating revolution, not reform!

The 3 Figures that Caused the Protestant Revolt Martin Luther  The Catalyst John Calvin  The Organizer Henry VIII  The Disobedient

Luther’s Teaching Catholic Church’s Teaching Sola scriptura  “Scripture alone,” the idea that the only authoritative source of divine revelation is Scripture Sola fide:  “Faith alone,” the idea that one is saved/justified solely through faith Baptism & Eucharist are the only sacraments Denied that humans have free will Scripture and Tradition Faith & Good Works Christ instituted 7 sacraments God gave us the gift of free will Luther’s Revolutionary Plan

John Calvin’s Organization of the Revolution John Calvin organized the Protestant Revolt by producing a…  Church  Creed (Institutes of the Christian Religion)  Disciplined way of life  University to promote his ideas John Calvin established the first Christian theocracy (civil & church government were one) in Geneva where he outlawed…  Dancing, singing, jewelry  Makeup, theatrical plays  Naming children after anyone but biblical figures

Henry VIII’s Disobedience Henry VIII, king of England, wanted an annulment for his marriage with Catherine of Aragon so he could marry his mistress, Anne Boleyn When Pope Clement VII didn’t grant the annulment, Henry declared himself the head of the Church in England Henry forced all the citizens of England to take the Oath of Succession or face death/punishment  Many Catholics were martyred as a result of Henry’s disobedience

THE CHURCH’S RESPONSE TO THE PROTESTANT REVOLT The Catholic Reformation

What the Church Reformed The Church sought to undertake reform through the three “D’s” 1. Doctrine: promulgated a universal catechism 2. Discipline: eliminated immoral behavior among the leaders & priests 3. Devotion: revised the celebration of the liturgy These reforms were implemented in the Church through: 1. Council of Trent 2. Society of Jesus (Jesuits) 3. Actions & Lives of Holy Saints

The Council of Trent ( ) 19 th Ecumenical Council called for 2 purposes: 1. Define authentic Catholic doctrine 2. Reform the life of the Church It met in 3 different sessions over the course of 18 years & produced 16 dogmatic decrees

The Council of Trent ( ) The Council reaffirmed several Catholic teachings attacked by Luther & Calvin:  We know the truths of the faith not through sola scriptura, but through both…  Sacred Scripture, composed of 73 books (46 OT+ 27 NT)  Sacred Tradition—teachings of the apostles passed to each generation of Christians  Christ instituted a hierarchical structure of the Church (i.e., bishops, priests, laity)  We are saved not by sola fide, but through both…  Faith in Jesus Christ  Our good works

The Council of Trent ( ) The bishops also recognized their own failings & sins and expressed repentance for them  One of the reforms required bishops to establish seminaries in their diocese to instruct & form priests Trent also called for the revision of the Roman Missal & promulgated a universal catechism to help instruct the faithful

The Council of Trent ( ) SessionsDatesPopeTeachings Paul III Endorsed Nicene Creed Vulgate Defined Nature of Original Sin & Justification Began doctrinal review of sacraments (Baptism & Confirmation) Julius III Definition of Eucharist (doctrine of Real Presence), Penance, Extreme Unction Pius IV (St. Charles Borromeo) Additional teachings on the Eucharist (Communion under both species & Communion of little children) Definition of Holy Orders, Matrimony Defined Purgatory, veneration of saints, relics, sacred art, indulgences Called for revision & publication of Roman Missal, Divine Office Authorized formation of a universal Catechism Required bishops to reside at least 9 months of the year in diocese—if absent for more than 6 months = deposed Called for creation of seminaries Priests to reside in parish & wear clerical garb

Implementing Trent Pope Pius V ( , the father of the Catholic Reformation, implemented the decrees of Trent by…  Promulgated a universal catechism in 1566  Reformed the Roman Missal in 1570

The Society of Jesus (i.e., the Jesuits) Pius V was helped by the religious order of the Jesuits The Jesuits were sent throughout the world to combat the Protestant heresy  They created a successful education system by establishing colleges & universities throughout Europe

Heroic Saints Many saints also helped reform the Church  Mystic Saints  Activist Saints Mystic Saints reformed the Church’s spiritual prayer life  St. Theresa of Avila ( )  St. John of the Cross ( ) Activist Saints reformed the Church’s hierarchical structure & promoted Trent’s teachings  St. Charles Borromeo ( )  St. Philip Nieri ( )  St. Francis de Sales ( )