“John Marshall has made his decision; Jackson v. Marshall Famous words: “John Marshall has made his decision; now let him enforce it”

Jackson’s Response Indian Removal Act of 1830 Treaties forced Native Americans to give up their land Pressured Indians signed over 90 treaties He thought the policy was generous He saw no chance of assimilation

What do you think?... What else could Jackson have done?

“The Great Father” with his Native American children

Winfield Scott The Enforcer sent to enforce the Indian removal Act Backed by 7000 troops Most of the troops considered this Indian Removal among the cruelest work they’d ever faced

The Trail of Tears Some Cherokee, fearing for their lives, agreed to relocate & signed treaties US gov’t treated these few like a majority 1838 – Cherokee were relocated to Oklahoma Faced an 800+ mile journey mainly on foot 1 out of 4 did not make it Interesting point… in 1838, who was in office? (Hint: It wasn’t Jackson)

The Trail of Tears- One of the most horrific and regrettable events in American History

Trail of Tears

The Horrors of the Trail of Tears Cold, starvation, dysentery, smallpox, cholera, tuberculosis, and road accidents 1 in 4 did not survive the journey Also subjected to theft, rape, and other brutalities by some of the troops

Red Cloud 1822-1909 “The Great Father” sends us presents and wants us to sell him the road, but the white chief goes with soldiers to steal the road before the Indians say yes or no!"

SO WHAT’S THE POINT? ... things worth remembering Specie Panic of 1837 Van Buren is left to clean up Jackson’s mess President Harrison dies in office! Whigs regret “His Accidency”, John Tyler “The man without a party” The campaign of 1840, images and slogans “Tippecanoe and Tyler, too”

Van Buren, Harrison, & Tyler dealing with Jackson’s legacy

VAN BUREN PRESIDENCY Jackson would not run for a third term, instead supported VP Van Buren Whigs ran 3 regional candidates against him Van Buren won in 1836 with Jackson’s endorsement

VAN BUREN PRESIDENCY Van Buren faces problems with the banks “wildcat” Pet banks lent out more currency than they could back with gold and silver notes issued were worthless without backing federal government suffered when worthless notes were used to buy land US Treasury ordered that only “specie” could buy land Specie: gold or silver result: people ran to banks to trade in currency for specie

VAN BUREN PRESIDENCY Panic of 1837, bank closings & the collapse of the credit system banks stopped accepting all paper money many lost their savings hundreds of businesses bankrupted more than 1/3 the population was out of work President Van Buren’s efforts to improve the economy after the Panic all failed

ELECTION OF 1840 Van Buren runs for reelection against Whig Party candidate William Henry Harrison Tippecanoe & Tyler, too!

ELECTION OF 1840 Campaigning: The Image: The Truth: Whigs promoted Harrison as a war hero, a man of the people, & Van Buren as a pampered, privileged aristocrat The Truth: in truth, Harrison was born wealthy and lived in a mansion, while Van Buren was the son of a tavern owner who never made much money

ELECTION OF 1840 Campaigning (continued) Harrison’s symbols: a log cabin & hard cider, to show that he was a common man Harrison called “Old Tippecanoe” a nod to his achievements in battle

ELECTION OF 1840 William Henry Harrison Wins Tip and Ty What's the cause of this commotion, motion, motion, Our country through? It is the ball a-rolling on For Tippecanoe and Tyler too. For Tippecanoe and Tyler too. And with them we'll beat little Van, Van, Van, Van is a used up man. And with them we'll beat little Van. First verse and chorus

HARRISON /TYLER PRESIDENCY Inaugural address Hoped to look like a battle-hardened war hero, Harrison gave a lengthy (8455 words) inaugural address in the rain, on a cold bleary day

HARRISON /TYLER PRESIDENCY Harrison in Office Harrison Immediately began to enact the Whig program for economic repair quickly caught pneumonia and died Harrison served less than a month as president the first president ever to die in office

HARRISON /TYLER PRESIDENCY John Tyler, VP, took over for Harrison Whigs chose him for the Harrison ballot because he’d bring the southern vote Tyler actually opposed many Whig programs called “His Accidency,” by the Whigs, because of how he’d become president & how much the Whig party regretted nominating him for VP! Eventually Tyler’s rejected by the Whigs, became “The man without a party”

SO WHAT’S THE POINT? ... things worth remembering Specie Panic of 1837 Van Buren is left to clean up Jackson’s mess President Harrison dies in office! Whigs regret “His Accidency”, John Tyler “The man without a party” The campaign of 1840, images and slogans “Tippecanoe and Tyler, too”