The Jackson Era Chapter 11 Review
Who were the four candidates who ran for President in 1824? Where were they from? John Quincy Adams, New England Henry Clay, Kentucky Andrew Jackson, Tennessee William Crawford, The South
Who won the popular vote for election in 1824? Andrew Jackson
How did John Quincy Adams end up president? Henry Clay gave Adams his electoral votes to give him the majority.
In what ways did Adams try to increase government control? Wanted a stronger navy Wanted government to fund scientific expeditions
Why did Americans not support Adam’s programs? The objected to spending money on them and feared that the federal government would become too powerful.
What two political parties had emerged and who did they support in the Election of 1828? Democratic-Republicans who supported Andrew Jackson National Republicans who supported Adams
What new elements were introduced to politics in the Campaign of 1828? Mudslinging tactics Election slogans, rallies, buttons and events
Who won the election of 1828? Andrew Jackson
What restriction was lifted in the eastern states that increased suffrage in the 1820s & 1830s? The requirement to own land in order to vote
Who did not get the right to vote? Native Americans African Americans Women
How did Democrats bring democracy into government? Open up government jobs from all walks of life How did they do this? By creating the spoils system and giving supporters jobs
In what war and battle did Jackson win national fame? War of 1812 Battle of New Orleans
What was Jackson’s nickname? Old Hickory
Why did the 1828 tariff issue cause sectional differences? The North wanted it to protect and encourage American business. The South hated it and called it the Tariff of Abominations as it raised the prices goods
What was the Tariff of Abominations? A protective tax placed on foreign goods
What right did the Southern states say they had in response to the Tariff laws? That states can nullify federal laws that go against state’s interests
What is nullification? The idea that a state can declare a federal law illegal
Who is the leader for the Southern States? John C. Calhoun
How did Jackson respond to the issue of Nullification? He supported the Union over state’s rights
Section Two Conflicts Over Land
Who created a written alphabet for the Cherokee? Sequoyah
What kind of economy did the “Five Civilized Tribes” have? Farming society economies
Who were the “Five Civilized Tribes”? Cherokee, Creek, Seminole, Chickasaw and Choctaw
Why did Jackson and other Americans want the Indians to move west of the Mississippi? To clear the land for white settlement
Why didn’t the Whites just move west instead of wanting the Indians lands in the East? The area west of the Mississippi seemed unsuitable for farming
What law was passed that forced them to move? The Indian Removal Act in 1830
What was established for the Indians to move to? Indian Territory
Which tribe refused to accept a treaty and move? The Cherokee How did they fight the government trying to force them to move? They sued the state government and took the case to the Supreme Court and won, but Jackson did not support the Court’s decision
The forced march of the Cherokee west was known as what? Trail of Tears
Which Eastern group of Native Americans successfully resisted removal? The Seminole in Florida Who helped them fight a war with the United States? African Americas who had runaway to escape slavery
Section Three Jackson and the Bank
Why did Jackson and most Democrats not like the Bank? They believed it was unconstitutional and gave the federal government too much power. Jackson also did not like Nicholas Biddle
Why did Jackson’s opponents push for the renewal of the Bank of the United States early? They wanted to use the bank issue to defeat Jackson in the next election in 1832.
Who did the Democratic Republicans ask to run for President in 1836? Vice- President Martin van Buren
Who ran against Jackson in the 1832 election and van Buren in the 1836 election? Henry Clay
What political party formed made up of former National Republicans and anti-Jackson forces? The Whigs
What was the Panic of 1837? A severe economic depression
What were the causes of the Panic of 1837? Large amount of loans for land speculation and to Cotton farmers The printing of too much paper money
What was Van Buren’s response to the Panic? Tried to set up a more stable banking system Cut White House expenses
Who did the Whigs run for President and Vice President in the Election of 1840? William Henry Harrison and John Tyler
Who became the first vice- President to succeed a President who died in office? John Tyler
How did Tyler disappoint the Whigs? Supported states rights Vetoed Whig bills, including the recharter of the Bank of the United States