DISCOVERY OF GIBBERELLINS

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Presentation transcript:

DISCOVERY OF GIBBERELLINS “BAKANAE” OR “FOOLISH SEEDLING” DISEASE OF RICE : plants grew too talkk and toppled over. JAPANESE SCIENTISTS WORKED ON THE PROBLEM AND IDENTIFIED CAUSE: INFECTION BY FUNGUS, GIBBERELLA FUJUKUROI. MID 1950s: ACTIVE SUBSTANCE CRYTALIZED AND IDENTIFIED IN ENGLAND AND US: GIBBERELLIC ACID (GA3)

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Rice leaf sheath bioassay for gibberellin PP2005.jpg Increasing GA3 concentration

GIBBERELLIN BIOSYNTHESIS AND METABOLISM GIBBERELLINS ARE SYNTHESIZED VIA THE TERPENOID PATHWAY. BASED ON ISOPRENE UNITS: BIOLOGICAL ISOPRENE UNIT = ISOPENTENYL DIPHOSPHATE

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LOCATIONS OF SOME MUTANT GENES THAT BLOCK GA BIOSYNTHETIC PATHWAY IN PEA PP20070.jpg

GA1, THE BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE GIBBERELLIN, IS SYNTHESIZED FROM GA20 PP20080.jpg

GA1 LEVELS CORRELATE WITH INTERNODE LENGTH PP20090.jpg

Phenotypes and genotypes of peas with different gibberellin levels PP20100.jpg

Luciferase reporter construct for GA 20-oxidase HIGHEST IN APICAL BUD PP2011.jpg

EFFECT OF AMO-1618 ON PETIOLE ELONGATION OF SPINACH PP2014.jpg

EFFECT OF LONG DAYS ON GA LEVELS IN SPINACH PP20150.jpg

Effect of Long Days (High GA levels) on Tuber Formation in Potato PP2017.jpg Long Days Short Days

Genetically Engineered Dwarf Wheat Plants Overexpressing GA 2-ox, which degrades GA1 PP2022.jpg

KINETICS OF GA-INDUCED ELNGATION OF DEEPWATER RICE INTERNODE 30 min PP20230.jpg

DISTRIBUTION OF CELL DIVISION FOLLOWING GA TREATMENT OF A ROSETTE PLANT, Samolus parviflorus PP20241.jpg

Arabidopsis GIBBERELLIN RESPONSE MUTANTS WITH DEFECTS IN SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION 1. Gibberellin-in sensitive dwarfs 2. Gibberellin-deficient mutants in which GA deficiency has been overcome by a second suppressor mutation, so plant looks normal (double mutant) 3. Mutants with constitutive gibberellin response (“slender” mutants)

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GAI and RGA are related repressor proteins PP20270.jpg Repression of GA Response Genes GA Response Genes Expressed

DIFFERENT TYPES OF MUTATIONS OF GAI AND RGA REPRESSORS AFFECT GROWTH DIFFERENTLY PP20280.jpg

GA acts to block action of both SPY and GAI/RGA Enzyme involved in protein modification - enhances activity of GAI and RGA PP20310.jpg

THE CEREAL ALEURONE LAYER PP20330.jpg THE CEREAL ALEURONE LAYER

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EFFECT OF GA ON CALCIUM IN BARLEY ALEURONE LAYER PROTOPLAST CONTROL + GA3 GA3 + ABA (ABSCISIC ACID) PP2037.jpg Low Cytoplasmic [Ca2+] High

SUMMARY OF STEPS IN GA SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAY PP20380.jpg