Persuasion: The Art of Speech Why are some Speakers so effective?

Effective Public Speaking Body language Use proper posture! No shoulders sagging and legs crossed. Articulation Breathe, sync mouth/tongue, drink to avoid dry mouth! Pronunciation Pronounce each word. Avoid slang, except to make a point. Pitch refers to the highs and lows of the voice. Avoid a monotone! Speed The speed, or pace, is an important variable to control. Pauses To emphasize pause for one second before and after a word! Variance - Change pitch, volume, and speed at least once every 30 seconds, if only for just one word. Never go more than one paragraph without a vocal variance. Volume Use with caution. Screams all the way through the speech mean people will become accustomed to it and it will lose its effectiveness. On the other hand, a few well-timed shouts can liven up the speech! "project" or throw voice -or speak to the last row. Quality gauged by the overall impact that their voice has on their listeners. Quality of voice is the net caliber of their voice, its character and attributes. They must try to keep the vocal quality high; it is what separates their voices from everyone else's.

Claptraps Many speakers use these to get the audience participating by clapping, cheering or booing. Lists of three Example: …………a time for sadness, a time for struggle, a time for rebuilding…. Contrasting Pairs Example: bigotry and hatred... …hope and future …time for sadness…time for hope Repetition of words or grammatical structures Example: No one cared…no one cared We see America’s character in our Military… We see it… We see it Rhetorical questions: asked merely for effect with no answer expected. Example What if we do what adults should do – and make sure all our children are safe in the afternoons after school? Using Metaphor Example: An America where we are all in the same boat. The sun is rising…we have a calling from beyond the stars to stand for freedom.

Al Pacino: This speech clip is from the movie Any Given Sunday. Pacino is the coach of a once great football team that is now struggling. This is his motivational speech. Al Pacino Body Language Volume Rhetorical Question

Al Pacino Body Language:Message: These players need to try their hardest for one another. In order to be great, they have to work together. Volume: Rhetorical Question: Now, what are you gonna do?

Steve Jobs (co-founder of Apple computers): Commencement speech at Stanford University in 2005 Steve Jobs Clip #1 List of three Steve Jobs Clip #2 Repetition

Steve Jobs Clip #1List of three (Your time is limited, so) Don’t waste it living someone else’s life. Don’t be trapped by dogma, Don’t let the noise of other’s opinions drown out your own inner voice. Stay true to yourself. Know who you are. Don’t let the opinions of others limit you. Clip #2Repetition Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish. Keep the desire to learn and don’t let fear hold you back.

JFK Moon Speech : John Fitzgerald Kennedy spoke on the importance of exploring space and winning the Space Race on September 12, 1962, at Rice University in Houston, Texas. JFKContrasting Pairs

JFK Contrasting Pairs: (For the eyes of the world now look into space, to the moon and to the planets beyond, and we have vowed that we will) Not be governed by a hostile flag of conquest…….but by a banner of freedom and peace. (…we shall not see space filled with) Weapons of mass destruction …but with instruments of knowledge and understanding. Message: As we expand into space, our goal is to learn from the past and to use the knowledge we have to lead with freedom and positivity.

Miracle: Joshua Sacco delivers his version of the 'Miracle' locker room speech, the film about the 1980 U.S. Olympic men's hockey team's legendary upset of the Soviets. MiracleVolume Quality

David Foster Wallace (Influential Writer who took his own life): A speech given at the 2005 Kenyon College commencement ceremony. This is Water This is Water Clip #1 This is Water Clip #2Metaphor

This is Water Metaphor: Fish=students Water=life Message: Important realities are often the ones that are hardest to see and talk about but these things can have life-or-death importance. Don’t be afraid to talk about the obvious!